Biology:Chlorostilbon

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Chlorostilbon is a genus of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae, known as emeralds (as are some hummingbirds in the genera Amazilia and Elvira). A single species, the blue-chinned sapphire is variously placed in the monotypic genus Chlorestes or in Chlorostilbon. The taxonomy of the C. mellisugus superspecies is highly complex and, depending on view, includes 1-8 species. All species in this genus have straight black or black-and-red bills. The males are overall iridescent green, golden-green or bluish-green, and in some species the tail and/or throat is blue.[1] The females have whitish-grey underparts, tail-corners and post-ocular streak.

Taxonomy

The genus Chlorostilbon was introduced in 1853 by the English ornithologist John Gould to accommodate a single species to which Gould gave the binomial name Chlorostilbon prasinus.[2] This taxon is now considered as a subspecies of the glittering-bellied emerald Chlorostilbon lucidus pucherani.[3][4][5]

Species

The genus contains ten species:[5]

Genus Chlorostilbon – Gould, 1853 – ten species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Garden emerald

Chlorostilbon assimilis
Lawrence, 1861 		Costa Rica and Panama
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Western emerald


Male
{{{image2-alt}}}
Female

Chlorostilbon melanorhynchus
Gould, 1860 		Colombia and Ecuador.
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Red-billed emerald


Male
{{{image2-alt}}}
Female

Chlorostilbon gibsoni
(Fraser, 1840)

Three subspecies
  • C. g. gibsoni
  • C. g. chrysogaster
  • C. g. nitens
Colombia and Venezuela
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Blue-tailed emerald

Chlorostilbon mellisugus
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Seven subspecies
  • C. m. caribaeus Lawrence, 1871
  • C. m. duidae Zimmer, JT & Phelps, 1952
  • C. m. subfurcatus Berlepsch, 1887
  • C. m. mellisugus (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • C. m. phoeopygus (Tschudi, 1844
  • C. m. napensis Gould, 1861
  • C. m. peruanus Gould, 1861
Colombia east to the Guianas and Trinidad, and south to northern Bolivia and central Brazil
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Chiribiquete emerald


Chlorostilbon olivaresi
Stiles, 1996 		Colombia
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Glittering-bellied emerald


Male
{{{image2-alt}}}
Female

Chlorostilbon lucidus
(Shaw, 1812)

Three subspecies
  • C. l. pucherani (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1848)
  • C. l. lucidus (Shaw, 1812)
  • C. l. berlepschi Pinto, 1938
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Coppery emerald

Chlorostilbon russatus
(Salvin & Godman, 1881) 		Colombia and Venezuela
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Narrow-tailed emerald


Chlorostilbon stenurus
(Cabanis & Heine, 1860) 		Colombia and Venezuela
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Green-tailed emerald

Chlorostilbon alice
(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1848) 		Venezuela
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Short-tailed emerald


Male
{{{image2-alt}}}
Female

Chlorostilbon poortmani
(Bourcier, 1843)

Two subspecies
  • C. p. poortmani
  • C. p. euchloris
Colombia and Venezuela
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


References

  1. ↑ Stiles, F. Gary (1996). "A New Species of Emerald Hummingbird (Trochilidae, Chlorostilbon) from the Sierra de Chiribiquete, Southeastern Colombia, with a Review of the C. mellisugus Complex". The Wilson Bulletin 108 (1): 1–27. ISSN 0043-5643. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4163634. 
  2. ↑ Gould, John (1853). A Monograph of the Trochilidae, or Family of Humming-Birds. 5. London: self. Plate 355 and text (Part 5 Plate 14). https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34998935.  The 5 volumes were issued in 25 parts between 1849 and 1861. Title pages of all volumes bear the date of 1861.
  3. ↑ Peters, James Lee, ed (1945). Check-List of Birds of the World. 5. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 36. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14480047. 
  4. ↑ The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 1: Non-passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. 2013. p. 121. ISBN 978-0-9568611-0-8. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds (January 2023). "Hummingbirds". IOC World Bird List Version 13.1. International Ornithologists' Union. http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/hummingbirds/. 

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