Biology:Chlorostilbon

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Chlorostilbon is a genus of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae, known as emeralds (as are some hummingbirds in the genera Amazilia and Elvira). A single species, the blue-chinned sapphire is variously placed in the monotypic genus Chlorestes or in Chlorostilbon. The taxonomy of the C. mellisugus superspecies is highly complex and, depending on view, includes 1-8 species. All species in this genus have straight black or black-and-red bills. The males are overall iridescent green, golden-green or bluish-green, and in some species the tail and/or throat is blue.[1] The females have whitish-grey underparts, tail-corners and post-ocular streak.

Taxonomy

The genus Chlorostilbon was introduced in 1853 by the English ornithologist John Gould to accommodate a single species to which Gould gave the binomial name Chlorostilbon prasinus.[2] This taxon is now considered as a subspecies of the glittering-bellied emerald Chlorostilbon lucidus pucherani.[3][4][5]

Species

The genus contains ten species:[5]

Genus Chlorostilbon – Gould, 1853 – ten species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Garden emerald

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Chlorostilbon assimilis
Lawrence, 1861 		Costa Rica and Panama
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Diet: 		 LC 


Western emerald

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Female

Chlorostilbon melanorhynchus
Gould, 1860 		Colombia and Ecuador.
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Diet: 		 LC 


Red-billed emerald


Male
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Female

Chlorostilbon gibsoni
(Fraser, 1840)

Three subspecies
  • C. g. gibsoni
  • C. g. chrysogaster
  • C. g. nitens
Colombia and Venezuela
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Diet: 		 LC 


Blue-tailed emerald

Chlorostilbon mellisugus
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Seven subspecies
  • C. m. caribaeus Lawrence, 1871
  • C. m. duidae Zimmer, JT & Phelps, 1952
  • C. m. subfurcatus Berlepsch, 1887
  • C. m. mellisugus (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • C. m. phoeopygus (Tschudi, 1844
  • C. m. napensis Gould, 1861
  • C. m. peruanus Gould, 1861
Colombia east to the Guianas and Trinidad, and south to northern Bolivia and central Brazil
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Diet: 		 LC 


Chiribiquete emerald


Chlorostilbon olivaresi
Stiles, 1996 		Colombia
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Diet: 		 LC 


Glittering-bellied emerald

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Male
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Female

Chlorostilbon lucidus
(Shaw, 1812)

Three subspecies
  • C. l. pucherani (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1848)
  • C. l. lucidus (Shaw, 1812)
  • C. l. berlepschi Pinto, 1938
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
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Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Coppery emerald

Chlorostilbon russatus
(Salvin & Godman, 1881) 		Colombia and Venezuela
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Diet: 		 LC 


Narrow-tailed emerald


Chlorostilbon stenurus
(Cabanis & Heine, 1860) 		Colombia and Venezuela
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Diet: 		 LC 


Green-tailed emerald

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Chlorostilbon alice
(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1848) 		Venezuela
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Diet: 		 LC 


Short-tailed emerald

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Male
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Female

Chlorostilbon poortmani
(Bourcier, 1843)

Two subspecies
  • C. p. poortmani
  • C. p. euchloris
Colombia and Venezuela
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Diet: 		 LC 


References

  1. ↑ Stiles, F. Gary (1996). "A New Species of Emerald Hummingbird (Trochilidae, Chlorostilbon) from the Sierra de Chiribiquete, Southeastern Colombia, with a Review of the C. mellisugus Complex". The Wilson Bulletin 108 (1): 1–27. ISSN 0043-5643. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4163634. 
  2. ↑ Gould, John (1853). A Monograph of the Trochilidae, or Family of Humming-Birds. 5. London: self. Plate 355 and text (Part 5 Plate 14). https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34998935.  The 5 volumes were issued in 25 parts between 1849 and 1861. Title pages of all volumes bear the date of 1861.
  3. ↑ Peters, James Lee, ed (1945). Check-List of Birds of the World. 5. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 36. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14480047. 
  4. ↑ The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 1: Non-passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. 2013. p. 121. ISBN 978-0-9568611-0-8. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds (January 2023). "Hummingbirds". IOC World Bird List Version 13.1. International Ornithologists' Union. http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/hummingbirds/. 

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