Biology:Cistus salviifolius
| Cistus salviifolius | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malvales |
| Family: | Cistaceae |
| Genus: | Cistus |
| Species: | C. salviifolius
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| Binomial name | |
| Cistus salviifolius | |
Cistus salviifolius, common names sage-leaved rock-rose,[1] salvia cistus[2] or Gallipoli rose, is a shrub of the family Cistaceae.
Etymology
The genus name Cistus derives from the Ancient Greek words κίσθος (kisthos) meaning basket, while the species name salviifolius refers the wrinkled leaves similar to those of the sage.[3]
Description
Cistus salviifolius has spreading stems covered by clumpy hairs. This bushy shrub reaches on average 30–60 centimetres (12–24 in) in height, with a maximum of 100 centimetres (39 in). The oval-shaped green leaves are 1 to 4 centimeters long, opposite, reticulate, tomentose on both sides, with a short petiole (2–4 mm).[4]
The inflorescence holds one or more round flowers, long-stalked, arranged at the leaf axils. The five white petals have a yellow spot at the base, forming a corolla 4–6 cm in diameter. The stamens are also yellow and the anthers shed abundant yellow pollen. This plant is pollinated by insects (entomophily), especially by bees. The flowering period extends from April through May. The fruit is a pentagonal capsule, 5–7 mm long.[4]
Phylogeny
Cistus salviifolius belongs to the white and whitish pink flowered clade of Cistus species.
| Species-level cladogram of Cistus species. |
| Species-level cladogram of Cistus species, based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences.[5][6][7][8] |
Gallery
Plants of Cistus salviifolius
Close-up on a flower of Cistus salviifolius
Fruits of Cistus salviifolius
Close-up on a fruit of Cistus salviifolius
Leaves of Cistus salviifolius
Cultivation
Cistus salviifolius cultivated in the nursery industry, and grown in gardens and public landscapes, often for its drought-tolerant and pollinator habitat attributes.
Distribution
This showy wildflower is native to the Mediterranean region, in southern Europe[4] and parts of Western Asia and North Africa.
Habitat
This plant prefers dry hills, scrubland and open woodlands, at an altitude of 0–1,200 metres (0–3,937 ft) above sea level.[4] It regrows very quickly following a fire.
Synonyms
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Other synonyms reported by The Plant List include:
- Cistus apricus Timb.-Lagr.
- Cistus arrigens Timb.-Lagr.
- Cistus elegans Timb.-Lagr.[10]
- Cistus fruticans Timb.-Lagr.
- Cistus humilis Timb.-Lagr.
- Cistus microphyllus Timb.-Lagr.
- Cistus platyphyllus Timb.-Lagr.
- Cistus rhodanensis Timb.-Lagr.
- Cistus sideritis C.Presl
- Cistus velutinus Timb.-Lagr.
Chemistry
Cistus salviifolius contains flavan-3ols, oligomeric proanthocyanidins[11] and prodelphinidins such as epigallocatechin-3-O-(4-hydroxybenzoate), epigallocatechin-(4β→8)-epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin -3-O-gallate-(4β→8)-epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin-(4β→6)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, 1-O-β-d -(6′-O-galloyl)-glucopyranosyl-3-methoxy-5-hydroxybenzene, epigallocatechin-(4β→8)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, 1-O-β-d- glucopyranosyl-3-methoxy-5-hydroxybenzene and rhododendrin (betuloside).[12] It also contains ellagitannins of the punicalagin type.[13]
References
- ↑ (xls) BSBI List 2007, Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland, https://bsbi.org/download/3542/, retrieved 17 October 2014
- ↑ "Cistus salviifolius". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CISA. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
- ↑ "Acta Plantarum". http://www.actaplantarum.org/floraitaliae/viewtopic.php?t=7226.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Pignatti S. - Flora d'Italia – Edagricole – 1982. Vol. II, pag. 122.
- ↑ Guzmán, B.; Vargas, P. (2005). "Systematics, character evolution, and biogeography of Cistus L. (Cistaceae) based on ITS, trnL-trnF, and matK sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37 (3): 644–660. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.04.026. PMID 16055353.
- ↑ Guzmán, B.; Vargas, P. (2009). "Historical biogeography and character evolution of Cistaceae (Malvales) based on analysis of plastid rbcL and trnL-trnF sequences". Organisms Diversity & Evolution 9 (2): 83–99. doi:10.1016/j.ode.2009.01.001.
- ↑ Guzman, B.; Lledo, M.D.; Vargas, P. (2009). "Adaptive Radiation in Mediterranean Cistus (Cistaceae)". PLOS ONE 4 (7): e6362. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006362. PMID 19668338. Bibcode: 2009PLoSO...4.6362G.
- ↑ Civeyrel, Laure; Leclercq, Julie; Demoly, Jean-Pierre; Agnan, Yannick; Quèbre, Nicolas; Pélissier, Céline; Otto, Thierry (2011). "Molecular systematics, character evolution, and pollen morphology of Cistus and Halimium (Cistaceae)". Plant Systematics and Evolution 295 (1–4): 23–54. doi:10.1007/s00606-011-0458-7.
- ↑ Synonyms in Anthos
- ↑ Timb.-Lagr. Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 10: 70 1892
- ↑ Antioxidant oligomeric proanthocyanidins from Cistus salvifolius. Fadi Qa’dan, Frank Petereit, Kenza Mansoor and Adolf Nahrstedt, Natural Product Research, Volume 20, Issue 13, 2006, pages 1216-1224, doi:10.1080/14786410600899225
- ↑ Flavan-3-ols, prodelphinidins and further polyphenols from Cistus salvifolius. Andreas Danne, Frank Petereit and Adolf Nahrstedt, Phytochemistry, 37, (2), 1994, Pages 533–538, doi:10.1016/0031-9422(94)85094-1
- ↑ Simultaneous LC-DAD and LC-MS Determination of Ellagitannins, Flavonoid Glycosides, and Acyl-Glycosyl Flavonoids in Cistus salvifolius L. Leaves. E. Saracini, M. Tattini, M. L. Traversi, F. F. Vincieri and P. Pinelli, Chromatographia, Volume 62, Numbers 5-6, pages 245-249, doi:10.1365/s10337-005-0623-7
External links
- "Cistus salviifolius", Calflora: Information on California plants for education, research and conservation, with data contributed by public and private institutions and individuals, including the Consortium of California Herbaria, Berkeley, California: The Calflora Database, https://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-taxon=Cistus+salviifolius
- "Cistus salviifolius". http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Cistus+salviifolius.
- Jepson Manual Treatment - Cistus salviifolius
Wikidata ☰ Q136801 entry
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