Biology:Crinum

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Crinum is a genus of about 180 species of perennial plants that have large showy flowers on leafless stems, and develop from bulbs. They are found in seasonally moist areas, including marshes, swamps, depressions and along the sides of streams and lakes in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide.

Description

Crinum thaianum, an aquatic species from Thailand

Vegetative characteristics

Large Crinum asiaticum growing as an invasive species in Hawaii

Crinum are bulbous perennial herbs[1][2] with tunicate bulbs[3] and basal, glabrous,[4] annual to perennial leaves.[1] These bulbs can be very large. A species which Chitendon and Synge list as Crinum crassipes (a synonym of Crinum variabile[5]) can have a bulb 0.9 m (2 ft 11 in) high and 25 cm (9.8 in) thick.,[6] exceeded only by Worsleya procera.

Generative characteristics

Crinum stuhlmannii infructescences
Detail of Crinum × amabile flower with stamens inserted at the throat of the perianth tube
Germinating Crinum seed

The bisexual,[3][1] sessile or pedicellate,[3][2] zygomorphic or actinomorphic flowers[2] are borne one umbellate or solitary inflorescences[1][2] with solid scapes.[2]

Cytology

Cytological studies have shown that 27 species of Crinum are diploid, having a typical chromosome count of 2n = 22. Abilio Fernandes found that the Orange River Crinum bulbispermum had a count of 2n = 66, and some desert Crinum macowanii 2n = 44. These polyploid species produce seeds that are often parthenogenetic triploid or diploids, lack vigour and seldom grow to mature plants.[7]

Taxonomy

It was published by Carl Linnaeus in 1753.[8][9] The lectotype Crinum americanum L. was designated in 1923.[9]

Species

Main article: List of Crinum species

As of July 2014, the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families lists 105 species of Crinum.[10] Amongst these are:

Formerly placed here

  • Agapanthus africanus (L.) Hoffmanns. (as C. africanum L.)
  • Ammocharis heterostyla (Bullock) Milne-Redh. & Schweick. (as C. heterostylum Bullock)
  • Cyrtanthus angustifolius (L.f.) Aiton (as C. angustifolius L.f.)
  • Cyrtanthus elatus (Jacq.) Traub (as C. speciosum L.f.)
  • Cyrtanthus obliquus (L.f.) Aiton (as C. obliquum L.f.)
  • Hippeastrum argentinum (Pax) Hunz. (as C. argentinum Pax)
  • Urceolina urceolata (Ruiz & Pav.) Asch. & Graebn. (as C. urceolatum Ruiz & Pav.)[11]

Hybrids

  • × Amarcrinum hybridised with Amaryllis
  • C. × powellii[12] (garden hybrid between C. bulbispermum and C. moorei) - pale pink, fragrant, lily-like flowers produced in late summer
    • C. × powellii 'Album'[13] (white flowered cultivar)

Etymology

The generic name Crinum comes from the Ancient Greek κρίνον (krinon), meaning lily, via the Latin crinum.[14]

Uses

Several species are used in aquariums and in aquascaping. These include Crinum calamistratum, Crinum malabaricum, Crinum natans, and Crinum thaianum.[15]

  • Crinum moorei
    Crinum moorei
  • Crinum moorei at Strybing Arboretum, San Francisco
    Crinum moorei at Strybing Arboretum, San Francisco
  • Crinum ornatum, SW Burkina Faso
    Crinum ornatum, SW Burkina Faso
  • Crinum species in Hyderabad, India
    Crinum species in Hyderabad, India
  • Queen Emma lily (Crinum augustum or Crinum amabile var. augustum) in Hawaiʻi
    Queen Emma lily (Crinum augustum or Crinum amabile var. augustum) in Hawaiʻi
  • Crinum 'Ellen Bosanquet'
    Crinum 'Ellen Bosanquet'

See also

  • List of plants known as lily

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Crinum. (n.d.). VicFlora Flora of Victoria. Retrieved January 27, 2025, from https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/032b13e8-28e9-47de-b460-2efd1317b354
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Crinum in Flora of China @ efloras.org. (n.d.). Retrieved January 27, 2025, from http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=108369
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 H.J. Hewson. Crinum, in (ed.), Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra. https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Crinum [Date Accessed: 27 January 2025]
  4. ↑ Western Australian Herbarium & Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions. (n.d.-a). Crinum L. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora. Retrieved January 27, 2025, from https://florabase.dbca.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/21237
  5. ↑ "Crinum variabile (Jacq.) Herb.". 2007-09-26. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:64103-1. 
  6. ↑ Chitendon, Fred J.; Synge, Patrick M. (1965). Royal Hort. Soc. Dictionary of Gardening. Oxford, Eng.: Clarendon Press. p. 574. 
  7. ↑ "A Systematic Revision of the Genus Crinum". http://www.crinum.org/review.html. 
  8. ↑ Linné, Carl von, & Salvius, Lars. (1753). Caroli Linnaei ... Species plantarum :exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas... (Vol. 1, p. 291). Impensis Laurentii Salvii. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358310
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Tropicos
  10. ↑ "Search for Crinum", World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/qsearch.do?plantName=Crinum, retrieved 2014-07-07 
  11. ↑ "GRIN Species Records of Crinum". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?3075. 
  12. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector - Crinum × powellii". http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=578. 
  13. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector - Crinum × powellii 'Album'". http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=2550. 
  14. ↑ "crinum". https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/crinum. 
  15. ↑ Kasselmann, Christel (2020). Aquarium Plants. Teltow, Germany. pp. 210–214. ISBN 978-3-00-064912-7. 

Bibliography

Template:WestAfricanPlants Wikidata ☰ Q683353 entry



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