Biology:Enameloid
Enameloid, also known as durodentine or vitrodentine, is an enamel-like tissue found in fish. It is the primary outer component of shark odontodes (teeth and dermal denticles),[1][2][3] and modified forms of enameloid also occur in the teeth and scales of actinopterygian (ray finned) fishes and stem-group gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates).[3] In extinct, armored jawless vertebrates such as heterostracans, enameloid forms the outer component of shell-like dermal armor.[3][4] Although the origin of enameloid is debated, it is probably homologous to dentine rather than true enamel, despite its enamel-like strength and development. The term covers any hyper-mineralized tissue with an organic "scaffold" consisting of ectodermal and ectomesenchymal proteins.[1][2][5]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Sire, Jean-Yves; Donoghue, Philip C. J.; Vickaryous, Matthews K. (2009). "Origin and evolution of the integumentary skeleton in non-tetrapod vertebrates" (in en). Journal of Anatomy 214 (4): 409–440. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2009.01046.x. ISSN 1469-7580. PMID 19422423.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Gillis, J.; Donoghue, P. (2007). "The homology and phylogeny of chondrichthyan tooth enameloid". Journal of Morphology 268 (1): 33–49. doi:10.1002/jmor.10501. PMID 17146771.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Kawasaki, Kazuhiko; Keating, Joseph N.; Nakatomi, Mitsushiro; Welten, Monique; Mikami, Masato; Sasagawa, Ichiro; Puttick, Mark N.; Donoghue, Philip C. J. et al. (2021-01-22). "Coevolution of enamel, ganoin, enameloid, and their matrix SCPP genes in osteichthyans" (in English). iScience 24 (1). doi:10.1016/j.isci.2020.102023. ISSN 2589-0042. PMID 33506188. PMC 7814152. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2589004220312207.
- ↑ Keating, Joseph N.; Marquart, Chloe L.; Donoghue, Philip C. J. (2015). "Histology of the heterostracan dermal skeleton: Insight into the origin of the vertebrate mineralised skeleton" (in en). Journal of Morphology 276 (6): 657–680. doi:10.1002/jmor.20370. ISSN 1097-4687. PMID 25829358. PMC 4979667. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmor.20370.
- ↑ "Palaeos Vertebrates: Bones: Teeth: Overview-2". 2010-09-10. http://www.palaeos.com/Vertebrates/Bones/Teeth/Teeth2.html.
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