Biology:Euryale (plant)

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Short description: Genus of aquatic plants

Euryale
Gyoda Euryale ferox 1.JPG
Flowering Euryale ferox cultivated at the Kodai Hasu no Sato park in Gyoda City, Saitama Prefecture, Japan
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Order: Nymphaeales
Family: Nymphaeaceae
Genus: Euryale
Salisb.
Species

Extant species:[1]

Fossil species:

  • †Euryale yunnanensis Y. Huang & Z. Zhou[2]
  • †Euryale nodulosa C. & E. M. Reid[3]
  • †Euryale europaea C. A. Weber[4]
  • †Euryale lissa Reid[5]
  • †Euryale akashiensis Miki[6]
  • †Euryale sukaczevii Dorof.[2]
  • †Euryale tenuicostata Dorof.[2]
  • †Euryale limburgensis C. & E. In. Reid.[7]
Synonyms[1]
  • Anneslea Roxb. ex Andrews

Euryale is a genus of flowering plants of the family Nymphaeaceae.[1]

Description

Vegetative characteristics

Adaxial leaf surface of Euryale ferox with numerous prickles

Euryale is an annual or perennial, rhizomatous, aquatic herb with erect, unbranched rhizomes.[8] The adaxial leaf surface is green, and features prickles at the veins. The abaxial leaf surface is violet and displays prominent, prickly venation.[9]

Generative characteristics

Euryale ferox growing in Niigata City, Japan

The pedunculate, 5 cm wide flowers have prickly peduncles and sepals.[10] The stigma has 8-9 stigmatic rays. The prickly fruit bears black,[9] smooth, arillate,[8] globose, 6-10 mm wide seeds.[10]

Taxonomy

Publication

It was published by Richard Anthony Salisbury in 1805.[1]

Species

It has one extant species:[1]

And several fossil species:

  • †Euryale yunnanensis Y. Huang & Z. Zhou[2]
  • †Euryale nodulosa C. & E. M. Reid[3]
  • †Euryale europaea C. A. Weber[4]
  • †Euryale lissa Reid[5]
  • †Euryale akashiensis Miki[6]
  • †Euryale sukaczevii Dorof.[2]
  • †Euryale tenuicostata Dorof.[2]
  • †Euryale limburgensis C. & E. In. Reid.[7]

Cytology

The chromosome count of Euryale ferox is 2n = 58.[11]

Ecology

Habitat

It occurs in ponds, lakes,[12] rice fields, and marshes.[9]

Distribution

Euryale is found in the area that stretches from Northern India to the Russian Far East and extends into temperate East Asia.[1] Recently, it has also been recorded in Serbia, Europe. It was likely dispersed to Serbia through migrating birds.[13]

Conservation

The IUCN conservation status of Euryale ferox is least concern (LC).[12]

Fossil record

Euryale seeds and prickles are well preserved in the fossil record.[14] Today, Euryale only occurs in the region spanning from Northern India to the Russian Far East, and extends to temperate East Asia.[1] But in the Pliocene period it also occurred in central Europe.[15]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 "Euryale Salisb." (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/27994-1. Retrieved 27 January 2024. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Huang, Y., Ji, X., Su, T., Wang, L., Deng, C., Li, W., ... & Zhou, Z. (2015). "Fossil seeds of Euryale (Nymphaeaceae) indicate a lake or swamp environment in the late Miocene Zhaotong Basin of southwestern China." Science Bulletin, 60(20), 1768-1777.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Martinetto, E. (1998). "East Asian elements in the Plio-Pleistocene floras of Italy." In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Floristic Character Diversity of East Asian Plants (pp. 71-87). Berlin, Germany: Springer‐Verlag.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Weber, C. A. (1907). "22. C. A. Weber: Euryale europaea nov. sp. foss." Berichte Der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft, 150–157.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Goren-Inbar, N., Melamed, Y., Zohar, I., Akhilesh, K., & Pappu, S. (2014). "Beneath still waters–multistage aquatic exploitation of Euryale ferox (Salisb.) during the Acheulian." Internet Archaeol, 37(10.11141).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Tanai, T. (1961). "Neogene floral change of Japan." Jour. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Univ., Ser. 4, 11, 119-398.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Euryale limburgensis C. & E. In. Reid. [family NYMPHAEACEAE]. (n.d.). JSTOR. Retrieved January 29, 2024, from https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.k000659202
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Euryale in Flora of China @ efloras.org. (n.d.). Retrieved January 27, 2024, from http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=112398
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Henkel, F., Rehnelt, F., Dittmann, L. (1907). "Das Buch der Nymphaeaceen oder Seerosengewächse." pp.45-46. Deutschland: Henkel.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Euryale ferox in Flora of China @ efloras.org. (n.d.). Retrieved January 27, 2024, from http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200007078
  11. ↑ Wu, P., Zhang, L., Zhang, K., Yin, Y., Liu, A., Zhu, Y., ... & Li, L. (2022). "The adaptive evolution of Euryale ferox to the aquatic environment through paleo‐hexaploidization." The Plant Journal, 110(3), 627-645.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Zhuang, X. 2011. Euryale ferox. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: e.T168756A6535154. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T168756A6535154.en. Accessed on 27 January 2024.
  13. ↑ Živković, M., Pejčić, L., Paskaš, N., Bajić, A., Šipoš, Š., Perić, R., & Novakovic, B. (02 2023). "First recent record of Prickly Waterlily (Euryale ferox) Salisb. (Nymphaeaceae) in freshwaters of Europe."
  14. ↑ Villaret-von Rochow, M. (1958). Stacheln von Euryale sp. im norddeutschen Pleistozän : ein neues Interglazialfossil. Veröffentlichungen Des Geobotanischen Institutes Rübel in Zürich, 34. https://doi.org/10.5169/seals-308097
  15. ↑ Kirchheimer, F. (1956). "Die Laubgewächse der Braunkohlenzeit." pp. 619-622.

Wikidata ☰ Q15111312 entry



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