Biology:Haplogroup Q-M120

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Haplogroup Q-M120
Possible time of origin15 400 ybp
Possible place of originAsia
AncestorQ1a1a (F746/NWT01)
Defining mutationsM120 and M265 (AKA N14)

Haplogroup Q-M120, also known as Q1a1a1, is a Y-DNA haplogroup. It is the only primary branch of haplogroup Q1a1a (F746/NWT01). The lineage is most common amongst modern populations in eastern Eurasia.

Distribution

The Americas

One of the 1K Genomes samples, HG01944, from Peruvians in Lima, Peru belongs to Q-M120.[1][2] Q-M120 is the other branch under Q-F746. It is best known as an East Asian branch of Q. This is intriguing; if it is not a result of post-colonial admixture, it will mark a fourth or fifth Q lineage in the Americas. The branch of Q-M120 including this sample has a calculated TMRCA of 5,000 to 7,000 years,[1] meaning that it may be the result of a later pre-Columbian immigration from North or East Asia.

Asia

Q-M120 is present in Eastern Asia and may trace its origin to East Asia.[3][4][5] It has been found at low frequency in samples of Han Chinese,[4][5] Dungans,[6] Hmong Daw in Laos,[7] Japanese,[8] Dörwöd Kalmyks,[9] Koreans,[6] Mongols,[10][11] Tibetans,[5][12][13] Uygurs,[14] and Vietnamese.[1][2] It also has been found among Bhutanese,[15] Murut people in Brunei,[16] and Azerbaijanis.[1] Sengupta et al. (2006) reported finding Q-M120 in the HGDP sample of Pakistani Hazaras,[17] but the Bayesian tree in Supplementary Figure 12 of Lippold et al. (2014) suggests that these HGDP Pakistani Hazara individuals more likely should belong to Q-L275, and that three members of the HGDP Naxi sample and one member of the HGDP Han sample should belong to Q-M120 instead.[18] Di Cristofaro et al. (2013) tested the same sample of Pakistani Hazaras and reported that they belonged to the following Y-DNA haplogroups: 1/25 C-PK2/M386(xM407, M532), 9/25 C-M401, 1/25 I-M223, 1/25 J-M530, 2/25 O-M122(xM134), 1/25 Q-M242(xM120, M25, M346, M378), 1/25 Q-M378, 1/25 R-M124, 8/25 R-M478/M73.[11]

Population Paper N Percentage SNP Tested
Dungan (Kyrgyzstan) Wells 2001[6] 3/40 ~7.5% M120
Han (Henan) Su 2000[5] 2/28 ~7.1% M120
Han (Anhui) Su 2000[5] 1/22 ~4.6% M120
Northern Han Su 2000[5] 1/22 ~4.5% M120
Kinh
(Ho Chi Minh City)		 Poznik 2016[2] 2/46 ~4.3% M120
Han (Shanghai) Su 2000[5] 1/30 ~3.3% M120
Han (Shandong) Su 2000[5] 1/32 ~3.1% M120
Korea Wells 2001[6] 1/45 ~2.2% M120
Tibetan (Lhasa) Su 2000[5] 1/46 ~2.2% M120
Tibet Gayden 2007[12] 2/156 ~1.3% M120
Han (Shanxi) Zhong 2010[14] 1/56 ~1.8% M120
Uygur (Xinjiang) Zhong 2010[14] 1/71 ~1.4% M120
Uygur (Xinjiang) Zhong 2010[14] 1/50 ~2.0% M120
Han (Jiangsu) Su 2000[5] 1/55 ~1.8% M120
Mongolia Di Cristofaro 2013[11] 2/160 ~1.25% M120
Japan Nonaka 2007[8] 1/263 ~0.38% M120

Europe

To date, Q-M120 has not been detected in European populations.

Associated SNPs

Haplogroup Q-M120 is defined by the presence of the M120 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) as well as the M265 (AKA N14) SNP.

Phylogenetic tree

This is Thomas Krahn at the Genomic Research Center's Draft Tree for haplogroup Q-M120.

  • Q-MEH2 MEH2, L472, L528
    • Q-M120 M120, N14/M265

See also

Y-DNA Q-M242 subclades

Y-DNA backbone tree

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 YFull Haplogroup YTree v6.03.05 at 20 July 2018. Accessed July 20, 2018.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 G. David Poznik, Yali Xue, Fernando L. Mendez, et al. (2016), "Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences." Nature Genetics 2016 June ; 48(6): 593–599. doi:10.1038/ng.3559.
  3. ↑ Grugni, Viola; Raveane, Alessandro; Ongaro, Linda; Battaglia, Vincenza; Trombetta, Beniamino; Colombo, Giulia; Capodiferro, Marco Rosario; Olivieri, Anna et al. (2019). "Analysis of the human Y-chromosome haplogroup Q characterizes ancient population movements in Eurasia and the Americas". BMC Biology 17 (1): 3. doi:10.1186/s12915-018-0622-4. ISSN 1741-7007. PMID 30674303. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Wen B et al. (September 2004). "Genetic evidence supports demic diffusion of Han culture". Nature 431 (7006): 302–5. doi:10.1038/nature02878. PMID 15372031. Bibcode: 2004Natur.431..302W. "Supplementary Table 2: NRY haplogroup distribution in Han populations". 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 Su, Bing; Xiao, Chunjie; Deka, Ranjan; Seielstad, Mark T.; Kangwanpong, Daoroong; Xiao, Junhua; Lu, Daru; Underhill, Peter et al. (2000). "Y chromosome haplotypes reveal prehistorical migrations to the Himalayas". Human Genetics 107 (6): 582–90. doi:10.1007/s004390000406. PMID 11153912. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Wells RS et al. (August 2001). "The Eurasian Heartland: A continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (18): 10244–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.171305098. PMID 11526236. Bibcode: 2001PNAS...9810244W. "Table 1: Y-chromosome haplotype frequencies in 49 Eurasian populations, listed according to geographic region". 
  7. ↑ Cai X, Qin Z, Wen B, Xu S, Wang Y, et al. (2011), "Human Migration through Bottlenecks from Southeast Asia into East Asia during Last Glacial Maximum Revealed by Y Chromosomes." PLoS ONE 6(8): e24282. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024282
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Nonaka, I.; Minaguchi, K.; Takezaki, N. (2007). "Y-chromosomal Binary Haplogroups in the Japanese Population and their Relationship to 16 Y-STR Polymorphisms". Annals of Human Genetics 71 (4): 480–95. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2006.00343.x. PMID 17274803. 
  9. ↑ Boris Malyarchuk, Miroslava Derenko, Galina Denisova, Sanj Khoyt, Marcin Woźniak, Tomasz Grzybowski, and Ilya Zakharov, "Y-chromosome diversity in the Kalmyks at the ethnical and tribal levels." Journal of Human Genetics (2013) 58, 804–811; doi:10.1038/jhg.2013.108
  10. ↑ Battaglia V, Grugni V, Perego UA, Angerhofer N, Gomez-Palmieri JE, et al. (2013), "The First Peopling of South America: New Evidence from Y-Chromosome Haplogroup Q." PLoS ONE 8(8): e71390. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071390
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Di Cristofaro J, Pennarun E, Mazières S, Myres NM, Lin AA, et al. (2013) "Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge." PLoS ONE 8(10): e76748. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076748
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Gayden T et al. (May 2007). "The Himalayas as a Directional Barrier to Gene Flow". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 80 (5): 884–94. doi:10.1086/516757. PMID 17436243. 
  13. ↑ Wang C-C, Wang L-X, Shrestha R, Zhang M, Huang X-Y, et al. (2014), "Genetic Structure of Qiangic Populations Residing in the Western Sichuan Corridor." PLoS ONE 9(8): e103772. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103772
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Zhong, H.; Shi, H.; Qi, X.-B.; Duan, Z.-Y.; Tan, P.-P.; Jin, L.; Su, B.; Ma, R. Z. (2010). "Extended Y Chromosome Investigation Suggests Postglacial Migrations of Modern Humans into East Asia via the Northern Route". Molecular Biology and Evolution 28 (1): 717–27. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq247. PMID 20837606. 
  15. ↑ Pille Hallast, Chiara Batini, Daniel Zadik, et al., "The Y-chromosome tree bursts into leaf: 13,000 high-confidence SNPs covering the majority of known clades." Molecular Biology and Evolution Advance Access publication December 2, 2014. doi:10.1093/molbev/msu327
  16. ↑ Monika Karmin, Lauri Saag, Mário Vicente, et al. (2015), "A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture." Genome Research 25:1–8. Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; ISSN 1088-9051/15; www.genome.org.
  17. ↑ Sengupta, Sanghamitra; Zhivotovsky, Lev A.; King, Roy; Mehdi, S.Q.; Edmonds, Christopher A.; Chow, Cheryl-Emiliane T.; Lin, Alice A.; Mitra, Mitashree et al. (2006). "Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists". The American Journal of Human Genetics 78 (2): 202–21. doi:10.1086/499411. PMID 16400607. 
  18. ↑ Sebastian Lippold, Hongyang Xu, Albert Ko, Mingkun Li, Gabriel Renaud, Anne Butthof, Roland Schröder, and Mark Stoneking, "Human paternal and maternal demographic histories: insights from high-resolution Y chromosome and mtDNA sequences." Investigative Genetics 2014, 5:13. http://www.investigativegenetics.com/content/5/1/13

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