Biology:Haplogroup Q-M346
From HandWiki
| Haplogroup Q-M346 | |
|---|---|
| Possible time of origin | 24,100-27,900 BP |
| Possible place of origin | Eurasia |
| Ancestor | Q-MEH2[1] |
| Descendants | Q-L54, Q-M323[1] |
| Defining mutations | L56, L57, M346 [1] |
Haplogroup Q-M346 is a subclade of Y-DNA Haplogroup Q. Haplogroup Q-M346 is defined by the presence of the M346 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP).
Origin and distribution
Q-M346 was discovered in Central Asia and announced in Sengupta 2006.[2] A latter paper suggested that its ancestral state was isolated to India,[3] but this has since been refuted by its presence in West Asia,[4] Europe[citation needed] and the Americas.[5]
Asia
Q-M346 has a wide distribution across much of Asia.[6][7][8][9]
| Population | Paper | N | Percentage | SNP Tested | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Altaians (Russia - Siberia) | Malyarchuk 2011 [6] | 23/89 | ~25.8% | M346 | |
| Khakassians (Russia - Siberia) | Malyarchuk 2011 [6] | 4/64 | ~6.3% | M346 | |
| Todjins (Russia - Siberia) | Malyarchuk 2011 [6] | 10/26 | ~38.5% | M346 | |
| Tuvinians (Russia - Siberia) | Malyarchuk 2011 [6] | 41/108 | ~38.0% | M346 | |
| Soyot/Sojots (Russia - Siberia) | Malyarchuk 2011 [6] | 2/28 | ~7.1% | M346 | |
| Kalmyks | Malyarchuk 2011 [6] | 1/60 | ~1.7% | M346 | |
| Halba | Sengupta 2006 [2] | 1/21 | ~4.76% | M346 | |
| Makrani | Sengupta 2006 [2] | 1/20 | ~5.00% | M346 | |
| Pathan | Sengupta 2006 [2] | 2/21 | ~5.00% | M346 | |
| Brahmin (Uttar Pradesh, India) | Sengupta 2006 [2] | 1/14 | ~7.14% | M346 | |
| Vellalar (South India) | Sengupta 2006 [2] | 1/31 | ~3.23% | M346 | |
| Pakistan | Abu-Amero 2009 [7] | 3/176 | ~1.70% | M346 | |
| Kazakhs (Southwest Altai) | Dulik 2011 [8] | 1/30 | ~3.33% | M346 | |
| [[Chelkan] (Russia - Siberia)] | Dulik 2012 [9] | 15/25 | ~60.00% | M346 | |
| [[Tubalar] Russia - Siberia] | Dulik 2012 [9] | 10/27 | ~37.00% | M346 |
The Americas
In the Americas, the founding paternal lineages include those who are Q-M346 but do not belong to the Q-M3 lineage.[5][10]
| Population | Paper | N | Percentage | SNP Tested | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enxet | Bailliet 2009 [5] | 7/24 | ~29.20% | M346 | |
| Ayoreo | Bailliet 2009 [5] | 2/9 | ~22.20% | M346 | |
| Wichi | Bailliet 2009 [5] | 1/120 | ~0.80% | M346 | |
| Mocovi | Bailliet 2009 [5] | 2/40 | ~5.00% | M346 | |
| Mapuche | Bailliet 2009 [5] | 1/26 | ~3.80% | M346 | |
| Salta | Bailliet 2009 [5] | 3/72 | ~4.80% | M346 | |
| Cordoba | Bailliet 2009 [5] | 1/156 | ~0.60% | M346 | |
| Huilliche | Bailliet 2009 [5] | 1/26 | ~3.80% | M346 | |
| La Paz | Bailliet 2009 [5] | 1/29 | ~3.40% | M346 | |
| Tarija | Bailliet 2009 [5] | 4/72 | ~5.50% | M346 |
Associated SNPs
Q-M346 is marked by the presence of the M346 SNP. Since the discovery of M346 several additional SNPs have been found to also be associated with Q-M346. These SNP's include: L56 and L57. These SNPs appear to be "parallel" to M346.[1]
Subgroups
This is Thomas Krahn's—of the Genomic Research Center—draft tree, Proposed Tree, for haplogroup Q-M346. The first three levels of subclades are shown. Additional detail is provided on the linked branch article pages.[1]
- Q-MEH2 MEH2, L472, L528
- Q-M346 M346, L56, L57, L474, L892, L942
- Q-M323 M323
- Q-L717 L717, L718
- Q-L940 L940
- Q-L527 L527, L529, L639
- Q-L933 L933, L938, L941
- Q-L53 L53, L55, L213, L331, L475, L476
- Q-L54 L54
- Q-M346 M346, L56, L57, L474, L892, L942
See also
Y-DNA Q-M242 subclades
Y-DNA backbone tree
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Krahn, Thomas. "FTDNA Draft Y-DNA Tree (AKA YTree)". Family Tree DNA. http://ytree.ftdna.com/index.php?name=Draft&parent=root.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Sengupta, Sanghamitra; Zhivotovsky, Lev A.; King, Roy; Mehdi, S.Q.; Edmonds, Christopher A.; Chow, Cheryl-Emiliane T.; Lin, Alice A.; Mitra, Mitashree et al. (2006). "Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists". The American Journal of Human Genetics 78 (2): 202–21. doi:10.1086/499411. PMID 16400607.
- ↑ Sharma, Swarkar; Rai, Ekta; Bhat, Audesh K; Bhanwer, Amarjit S; Bamezai, Rameshwar NK (2007). "A novel subgroup Q5 of human Y-chromosomal haplogroup Q in India". BMC Evolutionary Biology 7 (1): 232. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-232. PMID 18021436. Bibcode: 2007BMCEE...7..232S.
- ↑ Abu-Amero, Khaled K; Hellani, Ali; González, Ana M; Larruga, Jose M; Cabrera, Vicente M; Underhill, Peter A (2009). "Saudi Arabian Y-Chromosome diversity and its relationship with nearby regions". BMC Genetics 10: 59. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-10-59. PMID 19772609.
- ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 Bailliet, Graciela; Ramallo, Virginia; Muzzio, Marina; García, Angelina; Santos, María R.; Alfaro, Emma L.; Dipierri, José E.; Salceda, Susana et al. (2009). "Brief communication: Restricted geographic distribution for Y-Q* paragroup in South America". American Journal of Physical Anthropology 140 (3): 578–82. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21133. PMID 19591214.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Malyarchuk, Boris; Derenko, Miroslava; Denisova, Galina; Maksimov, Arkady; Wozniak, Marcin; Grzybowski, Tomasz; Dambueva, Irina; Zakharov, Ilya (2011). "Ancient links between Siberians and Native Americans revealed by subtyping the Y chromosome haplogroup Q1a". Journal of Human Genetics 56 (8): 583–8. doi:10.1038/jhg.2011.64. PMID 21677663.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 K. Abu-Amero, Khaled (2009). "Saudi Arabian Y-Chromosome diversity and its relationship with nearby regions". BMC Genetics 10: 59. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-10-59. PMID 19772609.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Dulik, Matthew C.; Osipova, Ludmila P.; Schurr, Theodore G. (2011). Kayser, Manfred. ed. "Y-Chromosome Variation in Altaian Kazakhs Reveals a Common Paternal Gene Pool for Kazakhs and the Influence of Mongolian Expansions". PLOS ONE 6 (3): e17548. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017548. PMID 21412412. Bibcode: 2011PLoSO...617548D.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Dulik, Matthew C.; Zhadanov, Sergey I.; Osipova, Ludmila P.; Askapuli, Ayken; Gau, Lydia; Gokcumen, Omer; Rubinstein, Samara; Schurr, Theodore G. (2012). "Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosome Variation Provides Evidence for a Recent Common Ancestry between Native Americans and Indigenous Altaians". The American Journal of Human Genetics 90 (2): 229–46. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.12.014. PMID 22281367.
- ↑ Bisso-Machado, Rafael; Jota, Marilza S.; Ramallo, Virginia; Paixão-Côrtes, Vanessa R.; Lacerda, Daniela R.; Salzano, Francisco M.; Bonatto, Sandro L.; Santos, Fabrício R. et al. (2011). "Distribution of Y-chromosome q lineages in native americans". American Journal of Human Biology 23 (4): 563–6. doi:10.1002/ajhb.21173. PMID 21544893.
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