Biology:High-protein diet
A high-protein diet is often recommended by bodybuilders and nutritionists to help efforts to build muscle and lose fat. The high-protein diet is a nutrition that ought to be consumed every day to meet physical needs. However, it should not be confused with low-carbohydrate diets, such as the Atkins Diet, which are not food-energy–controlled and which often contain large amounts of fat.[citation needed] Some examples of high-protein diet include lean beef, chicken or poultry, pork (tenderloin, rib chops, shoulder blade steak), salmon and tuna, eggs, soy, and lots more.[1]
A high-protein diet is often very low on fat or carbohydrates. Due to the limited amount of carbs available, the body starts burning extra body fats. People will often feel less hungry, thus, making losing weight relatively easy.[1]
However, while adequate protein is required for building skeletal muscle and other tissues, there is ongoing debate regarding the use and necessity of high-protein diets in anaerobic exercise, in particular for weight training and bodybuilding.
Health effects
Extreme protein intake (in excess of 200 g per day), coupled with inadequate intake of other calorie sources (fat or carbohydrates), can cause a form of metabolic disturbance and death commonly known as rabbit starvation.[2] Even when consuming other calorie sources, consuming more than 285 g of protein per day (for an 80 kg person) may be unsafe.[3]
Relatively little evidence has been gathered regarding the effect of more moderate long-term high intake of protein on the development of chronic diseases.[4] Increased load on the kidney is a result of an increase in reabsorption of NaCl. This causes a decrease in the sensitivity of tubuloglomerular feedback, which, in turn, results to an increased glomerular filtration rate. This increases pressure in glomerular capillaries.[5] When added to any additional renal disease, it may cause permanent kidney damage. A 2017 review paper in the New England Journal of Medicine suggests that high protein diet may contribute to life-long risk of kidney damage including chronic kidney disease.[6]
Legumes and nuts provide fiber, which meat lacks.[7]
High-protein foods
High-protein foods include:
| Food | Protein fraction by mass |
|---|---|
| Soy protein isolate | 88%[8] |
| Boiled green soybeans | 12%[lower-alpha 1][9] |
| Whey protein concentrate | up to 89% |
| Whey protein isolate | at least 90% |
| Peanuts | 24%[lower-alpha 2][9] |
| Steak | 27 to 34%[lower-alpha 3][9] |
| Chicken breast | 31%[lower-alpha 4][9] |
| Salmon fillet | 25%[lower-alpha 5][9] |
| Parmesan cheese | 35% |
| Tuna (canned) | 19%[lower-alpha 6][9] |
Weight training
As of 2004 it appeared that a high protein diet was not dangerous, but there was little evidence that there was any benefit for bodybuilders.[10]
See also
- Bodybuilding supplement
- Dietary supplement
- Dukan Diet
- Human nutrition
- Low-protein diet
- Nutrition
Notes
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "High-Protein Diets: Do They Work?". https://www.webmd.com/diet/ss/slideshow-high-protein-diet. Retrieved 10 May 2016.
- ↑ Bilsborough, Shane; Mann, Niel (April 2006). "A review of issues of dietary protein intake in humans". International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 16 (2): 129–52. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.16.2.129. PMID 16779921. http://home.exetel.com.au/surreality/health/A%20Review%20of%20Issues%20of%20Dietary%20Protein%20Intake%20in%20Humans.pdf. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
- ↑ Bilsborough, S.; Mann, N. (April 2006). "A review of issues of dietary protein intake in humans". International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 16 (2): 129–152. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.16.2.129. PMID 16779921.
- ↑ "Protein: Moving Closer to Center Stage". Harvard School of Public Health. http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/protein-full-story/. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
- ↑ Walter F., PhD. Boron. Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach. Elsevier/Saunders. p. 771. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3.
- ↑ "Nutritional management of chronic kidney disease". N. Engl. J. Med. 377 (18): 1765–1776. 2 November 2017. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1700312. PMID 29091561. http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1700312.
- ↑ "High-Protein Diet for Weight Loss". WebMD Medical Reference. 5 November 2016. http://www.webmd.com/diet/guide/high-protein-diet-weight-loss.
- ↑ "USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference Release 28: Basic Report: 16122, Soy protein isolate". United States Department of Agriculture. https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/4859. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 "USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 25: Protein ( g ) Content of Selected Foods per Common Measure, sorted alphabetically". United States Department of Agriculture. 2012. Archived from the original on 8 June 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130608152935/https://www.ars.usda.gov/SP2UserFiles/Place/12354500/Data/SR25/nutrlist/sr25a203.pdf. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
- ↑ Tipton, K. D.; Wolfe, R. R. (2004). "Protein and amino acids for athletes". Journal of Sports Sciences 22 (1): 65–79. doi:10.1080/0264041031000140554. PMID 14971434.
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