Biology:Iris subdichotoma

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Short description: Species of flowering plant

Iris subdichotoma
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Subgenus: Iris subg. Limniris
Section: Iris sect. Lophiris
Species:
I. subdichotoma
Binomial name
Iris subdichotoma
Y. T. Zhao
Synonyms[1]

Iris subdichotoma f. alba .G.Shen & Y.T.Zhao

Iris subdichotoma is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in the section Lophiris (crested irises). It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Tibet and China , with pale blue, blue-purple, purple, violet or white flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Description

It has short rhizome with a few branches.[2][3] Below is thick roots.[4] On top of the rhizomes are the brown, fibrous remains of last seasons leaves, surrounding the new leaves.[2][3][4]

It has grey-green, sword-shaped and slightly curved leaves.[2][3][4] They grow up to 22–40 cm (9–16 in) long and 1–2 cm wide.[2][3][4] They do not have any mid-veins.[2][3][4] The leaves are generally short than the flower stems.[5]

It has flowering stems that can grow up to 25–40 cm (10–16 in) long.[2][3][4][5][6] The stems have between two and five branches.[2][3][4]

The plant is very similar in form to Iris dichotoma but only smaller.[5]

The stems have 3–5 green, spathes (leaves of the flower bud), which have membranous margins.[2][3][4] They are 2.5–3.5 cm (1–1 in) long and 7–8 mm wide.[2][3][4] The bracts are similar in size to Iris dichotoma.[5]

The stems (and branches) hold between two and four flowers, between June and August.[2][3][4] But normally in June.[2][3]

Leading from the spathes are stiff, pedicels (or peduncles), that are between 3 and 4 cm (1 and 2 in) long.[2][3][4]

The flowers are 4.5–5 cm (2–2 in) in diameter,[2][3][4] and come in shades of pale blue,[4] blue-purple,[2][3] purple,[5][6] or violet.[4][5][6] Later, a white flowering form was found and then was published and named as Iris subdichotoma f. alba Y. G. Shen, in 'Acta Bot. Yunnan' Vol.26 Issue5 page492 in 2004).[4] Although this is now classified as a synonym of Iris subdichotoma.[1]

It has three pairs of petals, three large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and three inner, smaller petals (or tepals, known as the 'standards'.[7] The falls are oblanceolate, and 4 cm long and 7 cm (3 in) long.[2][3][4] The falls have a central yellow crest.[6] The standards are narrow and oblanceolate, and 3 cm long and 4 mm wide.[2][3][4]

It has a 2 cm long perianth tube, 2.2 cm long stamens, 1.5 long and 0.5 cm wide, fusiform (spindle-shaped) ovary and 3 cm long style branches.[2][3][4] The styles branches have narrowly triangular lobes.[2][3][4] It also has filaments that are longer than the anthers.[2][3]

After the iris has flowered, it produces a cylindric seed capsule,[4] between July and September, that is 5–6 cm (2–2 in) long and 1 cm wide.[2][3][4] It has six longitudinal ribs.[2][3][4] The capsule when ripe, splits a third of the way down, releasing the seeds.[2][3][4][5] The seeds are 7.5–8.5 mm wide, maroon-brown and have a small wings.[2][3][4][5]

Genetics

In 2006, 13 species of Iris, including Iris subdichotoma, Iris delavayi and Iris cuniculiformis were studied for a cytological analysis of the chromosome counts.[8]

In 2007, the chromosomes of Iris dichotoma, Iris domestica (Belamcanda chinensis) and Iris subdichotoma were also studied.[9]

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[7] Iris subdichotoma has a count of 2n=42.[8]

Taxonomy

It has the common name of 'Zhongdian iris'.[3][10][11][12] Note; 'Zhongdian' is an older name for Shangri-La City. It is written as 中甸鸢尾 in Chinese script and known as zhong dian yuan wei in Pidgin Chinese.[4][11]

The Latin specific epithet subdichotoma refers to Iris dichotoma (Also known as the Vesper Iris). 'Dichotoma' means forked in pairs or having 2 branches.[13] It is very similar in form to Iris dichotoma but smaller.[5]

It was first published and described by Yu Tang Zhao in 'Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica' (Acta Phytotax. Sin. published in Beijing) Vol.18 Issue 1 on page 57 in 1980.[2][11][14]

It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service on 4 April 2003 and then updated on 29 September 2008.[11] Iris subdichotoma is an accepted name by the RHS.[15]

Distribution and habitat

It is native to temperate regions of Asia.[11]

Range

It has been found in Chinese province of Yunnan,[6][2][12][16] in China.[11][14]

It has been found on Haba Snow Mountain,[5] and beside the Yangtze River.[2]

Habitat

It grows in grasslands, on open hillsides or on banks or slopes beside rivers.[2][3][4]

It grows at altitudes of between 1,800 and 2,700 m (5,900 and 8,900 ft) above sea level.[3][4][12]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Iris subdichotoma Y.T.Zhao is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). 23 March 2013. http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-322447. 
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 "Iris subdichotoma". flph.org (Flora of Pan Himalayas). http://www.flph.org/s/Irissubdichotoma. 
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 "Zhongdian Iris". tl.swewe.net. http://tl.swewe.net/word_show.htm/?204963_1&Zhongdian_Iris. 
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 4.22 4.23 4.24 4.25 4.26 "FOC Vol. 24 Page 307". efloras.org (Flora of China). http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200028217. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 Franco, Alain (29 November 2013). "(SPEC) Iris subdichotoma Zhao". wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society). http://wiki.irises.org/bin/view/Spec/SpecSubdichotoma. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 "Iris summary". pacificbulbsociety.org. 14 April 2014. http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/files/Iris/Iris_Summary.pdf. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Austin, Claire (2005). Irises: A Gardener's Encyclopedia. Timber Press, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0881927306. }
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Shen, Yun-Guang; Wang, Zhong-Lang; Guan, Kai-Yun (2007). "Karyotypes of thirteen species of Iris L. from China". Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 45 (5): 601–618. doi:10.1360/aps06064. http://www.plantsystematics.com/qikan/epaper/zhaiyao.asp?bsid=15177. Retrieved 20 March 2015. 
  9. ↑ Wang, Hong; Shen, Xiao-hui; Guo, Ying (March 2007). "Karyotype Analysis and Taxonomic Status of Iris dichotoma". Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Agricultural Science). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-SHNX200703019.htm. Retrieved 19 March 2015. 
  10. ↑ "Zhongdian iris". scires.datatang.com. http://scires.datatang.com/data/396100.htm. [yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 {{citation | mode = cs1 | title = Iris subdichotoma | work = Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) | url = | publisher = [[Organization:Agricultural Research ServAgricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) | access-date = 19 March 2015 }}
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 "Zhongdian Iris". zhiwutong.com. http://www.zhiwutong.com/latin/Iridaceae/Iris-subdichotoma-Y-T-Zhao.htm. 
  13. ↑ Smith, A.W.; Stearn, William T. (1972). A Gardener's Dictionary of Plant Names (Revised ed.). Cassell and Company (published 1963). p. 117. ISBN 0304937215. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Iridaceae Iris subdichotoma Y.T.Zhao". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=439147-1. 
  15. ↑ "Search the RHS Horticultural Database". www.rhs.org.uk. http://apps.rhs.org.uk/horticulturaldatabase/hortdatabase.asp?ID=197297. 
  16. ↑ "2nd Yunnan joint research report". bgtym.org. http://bgtym.org/topic/unnan.no5/no2.htm. 

Sources

  • Mathew, B. 1981. The Iris. 205.
  • Waddick, J. W. & Zhao Yu-tang. 1992. Iris of China.

External links

Wikidata ☰ Q10875918 entry



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