Biology:KBM-7 cells
KBM-7 cells are a chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cell line used for biomedical research. Like all cancer cell lines, it is immortal and can divide indefinitely. A unique aspect of the KBM-7 cell line is that it is near-haploid, meaning it contains only one copy for most of its chromosomes.[1] Human chromosomes are typically diploid, meaning that there are two copies of each chromosome.
Origin
KBM-7 cells were derived from a 39-year-old man with chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis.[1] The original cell line contained both near haploid and hyperdiploid clones. Subsequent subcloning yielded a pure near-haploid cell line.[2] Genome analysis has revealed that besides the disomic chromosome 8, a 30 megabase fragment of chromosome 15 is present in two copies.[3] Like other CML cells lines (e.g., K562) KBM-7 cells are positive for the Philadelphia chromosome harboring the BCR-ABL oncogenic fusion. KBM-7 cells have been reprogrammed to yield the HAP1 cell line which is also monosomic for chromosome 8.[4]
Cultivation and applications
KBM-7 cells grow in suspension and are maintained in Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium (IMDM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. They divide approximately every 24 hours.[citation needed]
KBM-7 has found applications in a variety of genomic research studies; the cell line has been examined in gene silencing experiments, been reprogrammed to become a stem cell line, and served as a test model for novel drug candidates.[5]
Significance
One method of studying gene function involves "knocking out" the gene by inducing a mutation. This causes the resulting gene product to be nonfunctional, and researchers can then see how this effects the cell's function as a whole. Many gene editing procedures have very low efficiency, and often both copies of mammalian chromosomes must be knocked out in order to see a phenotypic effect. Having a near-haploid cell line such as KBM-7 greatly increases the efficiency of these studies because there is only one gene that must be knocked out. [6]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Andersson, B. S., Beran, M., Pathak, S., Goodacre, A., Barlogie, B., and McCredie, K. B. (1987). "Ph-positive chronic myeloid leukemia with near-haploid conversion in vivo and establishment of a continuously growing cell line with similar cytogenetic pattern". Cancer Genet. Cytogenet 24 (2): 335–343. doi:10.1016/0165-4608(87)90116-6. PMID 3466682.
- ↑ "Isolation and characterization of a near-haploid human cell line". Exp. Cell Res. 252 (2): 273–80. 1999. doi:10.1006/excr.1999.4656. PMID 10527618.
- ↑ "A reversible gene trap collection empowers haploid genetics in human cells". Nat Methods 10 (10): 965–71. 2013. doi:10.1038/nmeth.2609. PMID 24161985.
- ↑ "Ebola virus entry requires the cholesterol transporter Niemann-Pick C1". Nature 477 (7364): 340–3. 2011. doi:10.1038/nature10348. PMID 21866103. Bibcode: 2011Natur.477..340C.
- ↑ Essletzbichler, Patrick (December 2014). "Megabase-scale deletion using CRISPR/Cas9 to generate a fully haploid human cell line". Genome Research 24 (12): 2059–206. doi:10.1101/gr.177220.114. PMID 25373145.
- ↑ Duncan, Lidia M.; Timms, Richard T.; Zavodszky, Eszter; Cano, Florencia; Dougan, Gordon; Randow, Felix; Lehner, Paul J. (2012-06-22). "Fluorescence-Based Phenotypic Selection Allows Forward Genetic Screens in Haploid Human Cells". PLOS ONE 7 (6): e39651. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039651. ISSN 1932-6203. PMID 22745803. Bibcode: 2012PLoSO...739651D.
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