Biology:KIR2DS1

Short description: Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Generic protein structure example

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, two domains, short cytoplasmic tail, 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIR2DS1 gene.

Function

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several 'framework' genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response.

Further reading

• "Association of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL5 with systemic lupus erythematosus and accompanying infections". Rheumatology 49 (7): 1346–53. July 2010. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keq050. PMID 20371502. 
• "Activating killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor gene KIR2DS1 is associated with psoriatic arthritis". Human Immunology 66 (7): 836–41. July 2005. doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2005.04.005. PMID 16112031. 
• "Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor gene-cluster 3DS1-2DL5-2DS1-2DS5 predisposes susceptibility to Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome in Japanese individuals". Human Immunology 71 (2): 192–4. February 2010. doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2009.11.001. PMID 19897003. 
• "Distribution of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genotypes in patients with familial Mediterranean fever". Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers 13 (1): 91–5. February 2009. doi:10.1089/gtmb.2008.0081. PMID 19309280. 
• "HLA and KIR frequencies in Sicilian Centenarians". Rejuvenation Research 13 (2–3): 314–8. 2010. doi:10.1089/rej.2009.0984. PMID 20426625. https://iris.unipa.it/bitstream/10447/59550/1/HLA%20%26%20KIR.pdf. 
• "[Genotype analysis of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors in Graves' disease patients]". Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi = Chinese Journal of Cellular and Molecular Immunology 25 (8): 699–701. August 2009. PMID 19664392. 
• "Frequencies of killer immunoglobulin-like receptor genotypes influence susceptibility to spontaneous abortion". Journal of Applied Genetics 50 (4): 391–8. 2009. doi:10.1007/BF03195699. PMID 19875891. 
• "Associations of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes with complications of rheumatoid arthritis". Genes and Immunity 8 (8): 678–83. December 2007. doi:10.1038/sj.gene.6364433. PMID 17882223. 
• "Association between killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genotypes and leprosy in Brazil". Tissue Antigens 72 (5): 478–82. November 2008. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2008.01127.x. PMID 18778326. 

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.