Biology:Kohnstamm's phenomenon
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First described by German neurologist Oskar Kohnstamm (1871–1917) in 1915, Kohnstamm's phenomenon is a sustained involuntary contraction of a muscle after a prolonged voluntary contraction. The simplest demonstration, sometimes called "the floating arms experiment", is to have a subject press the arms against a door frame or wall for about thirty seconds, and then step away. The arm will involuntarily rise. Russian scientists Victor Gurfinkel, Mikhail Lebedev and Yuri Levick used Kohnstamm's phenomenon to activate tonogenic structures in humans and thereby demonstrate postural automatisms, such as neck reflexes.
See also
References
- Kohnstamm, O. Demonstration einer Katatonieartigen Erscheimung beim Gesunden (Katatonusversuch). Neurol. Zentral B1 34S: 290–291, 1915.
- Gurfinkel, V.S.; Lebedev, M.A.; Levick, Yu.S. (1992). "What about the so-called neck reflexes in humans?". The Head-neck sensory motor system. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. pp. 543–7. ISBN 0-19-506820-3. http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/LifeSciences/VertebrateZoology/~~/cHI9MTAmcGY9MCZzcz1hdXRob3IuYXNjJnNmPWFsbCZzZD1hc2Mmdmlldz11c2EmY2k9MDE5NTA2ODIwMw==.
- Gurfinkel' VS; Levik IuS; Lebedev MA (1989). "[Immediate and remote postactivation effects in the human motor system]" (in Russian). Neirofiziologiia 21 (3): 343–51. doi:10.1007/bf01058224. PMID 2770916. Translation into English: Neurophysiology 21: 247–253.
- Gurfinkel, V. S.; Yu. S. Levik; M. A. Lebedev (1989). "Postural automatisms revealed by enhancement of the tonic background." (in Russian). Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 305 (5): 1266–9. PMID 2752900.
- "Cerebral correlates of the "Kohnstamm phenomenon": An fMRI study". NeuroImage 34 (2): 774–783. January 2007. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.06.050. PMID 17095251.
- "Interaction of involuntary post-contraction activity with locomotor movements". Exp Brain Res 169 (2): 255–60. February 2006. doi:10.1007/s00221-005-0324-3. PMID 16369781.
- "Facilitation of motor evoked potentials by postcontraction response (Kohnstamm phenomenon)". Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 101 (4): 289–97. August 1996. doi:10.1016/0924-980X(96)95599-X. PMID 8761038.
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