Biology:LHX2

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Short description: Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens



A representation of the 3D structure of the protein myoglobin showing turquoise α-helices.
Generic protein structure example

LIM/homeobox 2 protein (LHX2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LHX2 gene and is part of the LIM gene family.[1][2][3] LHX2, like other members of the LIM-homeobox gene family, regulates developmental processes like tissue patterning, cell fate determination and differentiation.[4]

Structure

LHX2 as part of the LIM gene family, it encodes for proteins with two N-terminal zinc-finger-like motifs called LIM domains and a homeobox domain.[5] Due to the presence of the LIM domains which bind to zinc, LHX2 can form complexes like with LDB1 in mammals or binding with DNA through the HOX domain to activate genes.[6][7]

Functions

The encoded protein may function as a transcriptional regulator. The protein can recapitulate or rescue phenotypes in Drosophila caused by a related protein, suggesting conservation of function during evolution.[3]

The LIM domain of LHX2 has been shown to interact with MRG1 which further binds to CITED2 and enhances transcriptional activation of the α-subunit gene of the glycoprotein hormones.[8]

References

  1. ↑ "Identification of a human LIM-Hox gene, hLH-2, aberrantly expressed in chronic myelogenous leukaemia and located on 9q33-34.1". Oncogene 12 (6): 1205–1212. Jul 1996. PMID 8649822. 
  2. ↑ "Conservation of the expression and function of apterous orthologs in Drosophila and mammals". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96 (5): 2165–2170. Apr 1999. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.5.2165. PMID 10051612. Bibcode: 1999PNAS...96.2165R. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Entrez Gene: LHX2 LIM homeobox 2". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=9355. 
  4. ↑ Rincón-Limas, Diego E.; Lu, Cheng-Hsin; Canal, Inmaculada; Calleja, Manuel; Rodríguez-Esteban, Concepción; Izpisúa-Belmonte, Juan Carlos; Botas, Juan (1999-03-02). "Conservation of the expression and function of apterous orthologs in Drosophila and mammals". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 96 (5): 2165–2170. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.5.2165. PMID 10051612. Bibcode: 1999PNAS...96.2165R. 
  5. ↑ Jurata, L. W.; Gill, G. N. (1998), Pawson, Anthony J., ed., "Structure and Function of LIM Domains" (in en), Protein Modules in Signal Transduction (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer): pp. 75–113, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-80481-6_4, ISBN 978-3-642-80481-6, PMID 9401203, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80481-6_4, retrieved 2025-10-27 
  6. ↑ Kinare, Veena; Iyer, Archana; Padmanabhan, Hari; Godbole, Geeta; Khan, Tooba; Khatri, Zeba; Maheshwari, Upasana; Muralidharan, Bhavana et al. (2020-01-01). "An evolutionarily conserved Lhx2-Ldb1 interaction regulates the acquisition of hippocampal cell fate and regional identity" (in en). Development. doi:10.1242/dev.187856. ISSN 1477-9129. https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article/doi/10.1242/dev.187856/267019/An-evolutionarily-conserved-Lhx2-Ldb1-interaction. 
  7. ↑ Rincón-Limas, Diego E.; Lu, Cheng-Hsin; Canal, Inmaculada; Botas, Juan (June 2000). "The level of DLDB/CHIP controls the activity of the LIM homeodomain protein Apterous: evidence for a functional tetramer complex in vivo". The EMBO Journal 19 (11): 2602–2614. doi:10.1093/emboj/19.11.2602. ISSN 0261-4189. PMID 10835358. PMC 212760. https://www.embopress.org/doi/full/10.1093/emboj/19.11.2602. 
  8. ↑ Glenn, Denis J.; Maurer, Richard A. (1999-12-17). "MRG1 Binds to the LIM Domain of Lhx2 and May Function as a Coactivator to Stimulate Glycoprotein Hormone α-Subunit Gene Expression" (in English). Journal of Biological Chemistry 274 (51): 36159–36167. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.51.36159. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 10593900. 

Further reading



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