Biology:List of Tulostoma species

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Tulostoma spp.

Tulostoma is a genus of over 100 species of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Commonly known as stalked puffballs, the cosmopolitan genus consists of species which produce small fruit bodies, characterized by stalks inserted in a socket at the base of the spherical spore-sac opened by a small and apical mouth. The spore-sac contains gleba, a mixture of spores and associated cells; at maturity, the spores are released through one or more apical pores. Tulostoma species prefer xeric microhabitats, savannahs and deserts, and are saprobic—obtaining nutrients by decomposing roots, buried wood and other organic material of plant origin.[1]

The following list of 102 species is compiled from Jorge Eduardo Wright's 1987 world monograph on the Tulostomatales, as well as reports of new taxa described in the literature published since then. Wright included 139 species in his monograph, including 47 "doubtful or critical" species. New species have since been reported from Spain (1992),[2] Mexico (1995),[3] Venezuela (2000),[4] Tunisia (2002),[4] China (2005),[5] and Argentina.[6]

Infrageneric classification

Czech mycologist Zdeněk Pouzar elaborated an infrageneric (below the level of genus) system of classification for Tulostoma species in his 1958 monograph of European taxa.[7] Wright expanded and revised Pouzar's classification system to include all known species:

Subgenus Tulostoma
Series Tubulares
Section Brumalia
Section Hyphales
Section Granulosae
Section Volvulata
Section Meristostoma
Series Fimbriata
Section Fimbriata
Section Poculata
Section Exasperata
Section Dubiostoma
Section Rickiana
Subgenus Lacerostoma
Section Lacerata

Key

Scientific name Latin binomial name of the species
Section Section to which the species belongs
Classified Year in which the species was formally described and classified, as well as the binomial authority on the species
Distribution Continental distribution of the species; question marks indicate that the evidence is questionable and/or not verifiable
Refs Citation to the protolog (original publication) and any additional references used to determine distribution
Tulostoma brumale
Tulostoma fimbriatum
Tulostoma kotlabae
Tulostoma simulans
Tulostoma macrocephalum
Scientific name Classified Section Distribution References
T. adhaerens 1923, Lloyd Hyphales Africa, Asia, Australia [8][9]
T. albicans 1901, V.S.White Australia, Europe, North America, South America, [10][11]
T. albiceps 1947, Long & S.Ahmad Asia [12][13]
T. albocretaceum 1947, Long & S.Ahmad Meristostoma Asia [12][14]
T. album 1891, Massee Meristostoma Australia [15][16]
T. americanum 1906, Lloyd Brumalia North America, South America [17][18]
T. amnicola 1947, Long & S.Ahmad Hyphales Asia, Tunisia[19] [12][20]
T. andrejevianum 1970, Philimonova & Schwarzmann Dubiostoma Asia [21][22]
T. aurasiacum 1905, Pat. Brumalia North Africa, Asia (?) [23][24]
T. australianum 1906, Lloyd Lacerata Africa (?), Australia, South America (?) [17][25]
T. beccarianum 1904, Bres. Brumalia Southern Europe, South America [26][27][28]
T. berkleyi 1906, Lloyd Fimbriata North America [17][29]
T. berteroanum 1845, (Lév. ex Lév.) Sacc. & Trotter Poculata South America, Tunisia[19] [30][31]
T. brasiliense 1972, J.E. Wright Brumalia Australia (?), North America, South America [32][33]
T. brumale 1794, Pers. Asia, Europe, North America, South America [34][35]
T. caespitosum 1891, Trab. Brumalia Africa, Asia, North America, South America [36][37]
T. cerebrisporum 2000, J.E.Wright South America [38]
T. chevalieri 1911, Har. & Pat. Hyphales Africa [39][40]
T. chudaei 1907, Pat. Meristostoma Africa, Australia, North America, South America [41][42]
T. cineraceum 1947, Long Meristostoma Asia [43][44]
T. clathrosporum 1987, J.E. Wright Brumalia North America [45][46]
T. costatum 1980, B. Liu Asia [47]
T. cretaceum 1944, Long Lacerata North America, South America [48][49]
T. cyclophorum 1906, Lloyd Poculata Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, South America [17][50]
T. delbustoi 1987, J.E. Wright Fimbriata South America [51]
T. dennisii 1987, J.E. Wright Granulosae South America [52]
T. domingueziae 2011, Hern.Caffot South America [6]
T. dumeticola 1987, Long Granulosae Central America, North America, South America [43][53][54][55]
T. exasperatosporum 1983, J.E. Wright Africa [56][57]
T. exasperatum 1842, Mont. Brumalia Pantropical [58][59]
T. excentricum 1944, Long Hyphales Asia, North America [48][60]
T. exitum 1947, Long & S. Ahmad Lacerata Asia [12][61]
T. fimbriatum 1829, Fr. Fimbriata Europe [62][63]
T. floridanum 1906, Lloyd Hyphales North America [17][64]
T. fulvellum 1904, Bres. Poculata Europe, Japan[65] [26][66]
T. giganteum 1987, J.E. Wright Hyphales North America [67]
T. giovanellae 1881, Bres. Brumalia Africa, Europe [68][69]
T. graciliceps 1987, J.E. Wright Poculata Africa, Mexico[70] [71]
T. helanshanense 1978, B. Liu, Z.Y. Li & Du Brumalia Asia [72][73]
T. herteri 1942, Lohwag & Swoboda Dubiostoma North America, South America [74][75]
T. hollosii 1956, Z. Moravec Poculata Europe [76][77]
T. hygrophilum 1947, Long & S. Ahmad Hyphales Asia [12][78]
T. innermongolicum 1984, Liu Dubiostoma Asia [79][80]
T. involucratum 1944, Long Brumalia Africa, North America, South America [48][81]
T. jourdani 1886, Pat. Hyphales Africa, Asia, Australia, North America, South America [82][83]
T. kogaschiki 1970, Schwarzmann & Philimonova Hyphales Asia [21][84]
T. kotlabae 1958, Pouzar Brumalia Europe [7][85]
T. kreiselii 2002, G. Moreno, E. Horak & Altés Africa [4]
T. laceratum 1834, Ehrenberg
T. lacrimisporum 2005, L. Fan & B. Liu Asia [5]
T. leiosporum 1909, R.E.Fr. Fimbriata South America [86][87]
T. lejospermum 1922, Spegazzini Lacerata South America [88][89]
T. leprosum 1888, (Kalchbr.) Sacc. Granulosae Australia [90][91]
T. lesliei 1921, Van der Byl Hyphales Africa [92][93]
T. lloydii 1904, Bres. Poculata Europe, North America [26][94]
T. longii 1906, Lloyd Brumalia North America [17][95]
T. lysocephalum 1944, Long Hyphales North America [48][96]
T. lusitanicum 2000, Calonge & M.G.Almeida Europe [97]
T. macalpinianum 1906, Lloyd Granulosae Australia, South America [17][98]
T. macowanii 1904, Bres. Poculata Africa, Australia (?) [26][99]
T. macrocephalum 1944, Long Meristostoma North America, South America [48][100]
T. macrosporium 1925, G.Cunn. Hyphales Africa, Australia, North America [101][102]
T. melanocyclum 1904, Bres. Brumalia Europe, North America [26][103]
T. meridionale 1972, J.E.Wright North America, South America [32][104]
T. meristostoma 1944, Long Meristostoma North America, South America [48][105]
T. mohavei 1920, Lloyd Hyphales Asia, North America, South America [106][107]
T. montanum 1886, Pat. Hyphales Africa, North America, South America [108][109]
T. moravecii 1958, Pouzar Brumalia Europe [7][110]
T. mussooriense 1901, Hennings Asia [111][112]
T. nanum 1987, (Pat.) J.E.Wright Hyphales Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, South America [113]
T. nigeriense 1987, J.E.Wright Africa [114]
T. niveum 1978, Kers Brumalia Europe [115][116]
T. obesum 1878, Cooke & Ellis South America [117][118]
T. obscurum 1972, J.E.Wright Poculata North America [32][119]
T. opacum 1944, Long Poculata North America [48][120]
T. pluriosteum 1947, Long & S.Ahmad Hyphales Asia [12][121]
T. portoricense 1987, J.E.Wright Fimbriata Puerto Rico [122]
T. pseudopulchellum 1992, G.Moreno, Altés & J.E.Wright Europe [2]
T. pubescens 1925, G. Cunn. Hyphales Australia [101][123]
T. pulchellum 1890, Sacc. Poculata Africa, Australia, Europe, Middle East, North America, South America [124][125]
T. purpusii 1898, Henn. Brumalia Africa, Australia, North America, South America [126][127]
T. pusillum 1842, Berk. Granulosae Asia, Caribbean, South America [128][129]
T. pygmaeum 1906, Lloyd Hyphales Africa, Australia, North America, South America [17][130]
T. readerii 1906, Lloyd Fimbriata Australia [17][131]
T. reticulatum 1980, B.Liu Australia [47][132]
T. rickii 1906, Lloyd Rickiana South America [17][133]
T. rivulosum 1947, Long Hyphales North America [43][134]
T. rufum 1906, Lloyd Hyphales Africa, Europe, North America [17][135]
T. semisulcatum 1895, Peck Brumalia North America [136][137]
T. simulans 1906, Lloyd Brumalia Africa, Asia, Europe, Central America, North America, South America [17][138]
T. sinense 1987, J.E.Wright Brumalia Asia [139]
T. squamosum 1801, Pers. Brumalia Europe, North America [140][141]
T. striatum 1925, G. Cunn. Poculata Africa, Australia, Europe, North America, South America [101][142][143]
T. subfuscum 1901, V.S. White Poculata Africa, Australia, North America, Middle East [10][144]
T. submembranaceum 1995, G. Moreno, C. Ochoa & J.E. Wright North America [3]
T. subsquamosum 1947, Long & S. Ahmad Hyphales Asia, South America [12][145]
T. thiersii 1987, J.E. Wright Brumalia North America, South America [46][146]
T. transvaali 1921, Lloyd Exasperata Africa [147][148]
T. utahense 1987, J.E. Wright North America [149]
T. verrucosum 1890, Morgan Granulosae North America [150][151]
T. verrucicapillitium 2005, L.Fan & B.Liu Asia [5]
T. volvulatum 1865, I.G.Borshchov Volvulata Africa, Asia, Europe, North America [152][153]
T. wightii 1842, Cooke & Ellis Rickiana Asia [117][154]
T. xerophilum 1946, Long Brumalia North America [155][156]

Notes

  1. ↑ Gasteromycetes: Morphological and Developmental Features, with Keys to the Orders, Families, and Genera. Eureka, California: Mad River Press. 1988. pp. 48, 52. ISBN 0-916422-74-7. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Tulostoma pseudopulchellum sp. nov: (Tulostomatales, Gasteromycetes) and allied species". Mycotaxon 43: 479–86. 1992. http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0043/0479.htm. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Contribution to the study of the Tulostomataceae in Baja. California, Mexico". Mycologia 87 (1): 96–120. 1995. doi:10.2307/3760953. http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59350/0087/001/0096.htm. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Tulostoma kreiselii, a new species from Tunisia, Northern Africa". Feddes Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 113 (1–2): 7–10. 2002. doi:10.1002/1522-239X(200205)113:1/2<7::AID-FEDR7>3.0.CO;2-5. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Two new species of Tulostoma from China". Mycosystema 24 (2): 159–61. 2005. http://www.hmphanmi.com.cn:8000/periodical/periodical.articles/jwxt/jwxt2005/0502pdf/050203.pdf. [yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Tulostoma domingueziae sp nov from Polylepis australis woodlands in Cordoba Mountains, central Argentina". Mycologia 103 (5): 1047–54. 2011. doi:10.3852/10-266. PMID 21482631. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Pouzar Z. (1958). Pilát A. ed (in cs). Flora CSR – Gasteromycetes. Prace Ceskoslovenské Akademie Ved. Praha. pp. 598–613; 810–15. 
  8. ↑ Lloyd CG. (1923). "Mycological Notes 69". Mycological Writings 7 (69): 1185–218. 
  9. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 58–9.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 White VS. (1901). "The Tylostomaceae of North America". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 28 (8): 421–36. doi:10.2307/2478590. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/246770. 
  11. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 59–60.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 "The genus Tulostoma in India". Farlowia 3: 225–67. 1947. 
  13. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 60.
  14. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 60–2.
  15. ↑ Massee GE. (1891). "New or imperfectly known Gasteromycetes". Grevillea 19 (92): 94–8. http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59649/0019/092/0094.htm. 
  16. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 62.
  17. ↑ 17.00 17.01 17.02 17.03 17.04 17.05 17.06 17.07 17.08 17.09 17.10 17.11 Lloyd CG. (1906). "The Tylostomae". Mycological Writings 2: 1–28. 
  18. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 62–4.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Two new records of the genus Tulostoma from Tunisia". Mycotaxon 101: 289–95. 2007. http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0101/0289.htm. 
  20. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 64–5.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Flora Spor. Rasteni Kazhastan VI Gasteromycetes. VI. Alma Ata. 1970. p. 223. 
  22. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 65.
  23. ↑ Patouillard NT. (1905). "Champignons Algéro-Tunisiens nouveaux ou peu connus" (in fr). Bulletin trimestriel de la Société mycologique de France 21: 117. 
  24. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 67.
  25. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 67–8.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.4 Bresadola G. (1904). "Sul valore diagnostico del capillizio nel genere "Tylostoma" Pers." (in it). Annales Mycologici 2 (5): 412–38. 
  27. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 69.
  28. ↑ "Tulostoma Persoon (Gasteromycetes) from the cerrado region, state of São Paulo, Brazil". Acta Botanica Brasilica 16 (1): 9–14. 2002. doi:10.1590/s0102-33062002000100003. http://www.scielo.br/pdf/abb/v16n1/9457.pdf. 
  29. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 69–70.
  30. ↑ Saccardo PA. (1888). "Sylloge Hymenomycetum, Vol. II. Polyporeae, Hydneae, Thelephoreae, Clavarieae, Tremellineae" (in la). Sylloge Fungorum (Patavii, sumptibus auctoris) 6: 63. 
  31. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 71.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 "El género Tulostoma en México" (in es). Ciencias (México) 27 (4–5): 109–122. 1972. 
  33. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 74–5.
  34. ↑ Persoon CH. (1794). "Neuer Versuch einer systematischen Eintheilung der Schwamme" (in de). Neues Magazin für die Botanik, Römer 1: 63–80. 
  35. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 76–81.
  36. ↑ Saccardo PA. (1891). "Supplementum Universale, Pars I. Agaricaceae-Laboulbeniaceae" (in la). Sylloge Fungorum 9: 268. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25386#276. 
  37. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 81–2.
  38. ↑ Wright JE. (2000). "Tres especies interesantes de Tulostoma (Gasteromycetes) de Venezuela" (in es). Bulletin of the Botanical Society of Argentina 35 (3–4): 199–201. 
  39. ↑ "Collections recueillies par M.A. Chevalier au Congo français. Les champignons de la région Chari-Tschad" (in fr). Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire naturelle, Paris 17 (5): 364–70. 1911. 
  40. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 83–4.
  41. ↑ Patouillard NT. (1907). "Champignons Algéro-Tunisiens nouveaux ou peu connus" (in fr). Bulletin trimestriel de la Société mycologique de France 23: 83. 
  42. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 84.
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 Long WH. (1947). "Studies in the Gasteromycetes: XV. Notes on new or rare species of Tylostoma". Lloydia 10: 115–35. 
  44. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 84–5.
  45. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 85–6.
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 Wright JE. (1987). "Two new species of Tulostoma (Gasteromycetes) from Texas". Mycologia 79 (1): 155–7. doi:10.2307/3807758. http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59350/0079/001/0155.htm. 
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 Liu B. (1979). "Two new species of Tulostoma from China". Mycologia 71 (6): 1275–8. doi:10.2307/3759119. http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59350/0071/006/1275.htm. 
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 48.3 48.4 48.5 48.6 Long WH. (1944). "Studies in the Gasteromycetes X. Seven new species of Tylostoma". Mycologia 36 (4): 318–39. doi:10.2307/3754748. http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59350/0036/004/0318.htm. 
  49. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 86–7.
  50. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 87–90.
  51. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 90.
  52. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 90–3.
  53. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 93–5.
  54. ↑ Guzmán G. (1996). "Adiciones al conocimiento del género Tulostoma (Basidiomycotina, Gasteromycetes) en Mexico y descripción de una nueva especie" (in es). Bulletin of the Botanical Society of Argentina 28: 113–21. 
  55. ↑ "Adiciones y correcciones al catálogo de Gasteromycetes de Costa Rica" (in es). Boletin de la Sociedad Micologica de Madrid 30: 11–119. 2006. 
  56. ↑ Wright JE. (1983). "Tulostoma exasperatorum, a new species with reticulate spores from South Africa". South African Journal of Botany 2 (2): 126–8. doi:10.1016/S0022-4618(16)30126-7. 
  57. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 97–8.
  58. ↑ Montagne JPFC. (1837). "Centurie de plantes exotiques nouvelles" (in fr). Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique 8 (II): 345–70. 
  59. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 98–9.
  60. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 101.
  61. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 101–4.
  62. ↑ Fries EM. (1829) (in la). Systema Mycologicum. 3. p. 43. 
  63. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 105–7.
  64. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 117–8.
  65. ↑ "New records of two Tulostoma species from Japan". Mycoscience 49 (6): 399–402. 2008. doi:10.1007/s10267-008-0430-8. 
  66. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 118–9.
  67. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 122–3.
  68. ↑ Bresadola G. (1881). "Fungi tridentini" (in la). Fungi Tridentini Novi, Vel Nondum Delineati, Descripti, ... 1 (1): 1–14. 
  69. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 123–5.
  70. ↑ "First record of Tulostoma gracilipes (Agaricales, Agaricaceae) for the Americas". Mycotaxon 113: 371–6. 2010. doi:10.5248/113.371. 
  71. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 125.
  72. ↑ "Six new species of the family Tulostomataceae" (in zh). Acta Microbiologica Sinica 18 (2): 122–8. 1978. 
  73. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 126.
  74. ↑ "Gasteromyceten aus Uruguay" (in de). Revista Sudamericana de Botánica 7: 1–11. 1941. 
  75. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 126–7.
  76. ↑ Moravec Z. (1956). "Tulostoma hollosii sp. n. - nový druh palecky v Ceskoslovensku" (in cs). Preslia (Praha) 28: 34–41. 
  77. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 127–8.
  78. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 128.
  79. ↑ Liu B. (1980). "Name change (T. innermongolicum for T. reticulatum nom. nud.)". Mycologia 72 (6): 1238. doi:10.1080/00275514.1980.12021311. http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59350/0072/006/1238.htm. 
  80. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 128–9.
  81. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 129–30.
  82. ↑ Patouillard NT. (1886). "Quelques champignons de la Chine, récoltés par le père Delavay dans la province du Yunnam" (in fr). Revue mycologique (Toulouse) 8 (30): 143–6. 
  83. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 131–3.
  84. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 133–4.
  85. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 134.
  86. ↑ Fries RE. (1909). "Öber einge Gasteromyceten aus Bolivia und Argentinien" (in de). Arkiv før Botanik 8 (11): 1–34. 
  87. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 137.
  88. ↑ Spegazzini C. (1922). "Fungi Paraguayenses" (in es). Anales del Museo nacional de Historia natural, Buenos Aires 31: 355–450. 
  89. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 137–9.
  90. ↑ Saccardo PA. (1888) (in la). Sylloge Fungorum. 7. Patavii, sumptibus auctoris. p. 61. 
  91. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 139.
  92. ↑ van der Byl PA. (1921). "The genus Tulostoma in South Africa". Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 9 (2): 185–6. doi:10.1080/00359192109520207. Bibcode: 1921TRSSA...9..185V. https://zenodo.org/record/1430397. 
  93. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 140–4.
  94. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 141–2.
  95. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 142–3.
  96. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 143–5.
  97. ↑ "Validation or confirmation of some new taxa recently published". Boletín de la Sociedad Micológica de Madrid 25 (3): 301–2. 2000. 
  98. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 145.
  99. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 147.
  100. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 147–8.
  101. ↑ 101.0 101.1 101.2 Cunningham GH. (1925). "The Gasteromycetes of Australasia. II. A revision of the genus Tulostoma". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 50 (3): 245–59. 
  102. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 148–9.
  103. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 149–51.
  104. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 152–4.
  105. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 154–5.
  106. ↑ Lloyd CG. (1920). "Mycological notes 64". Mycological Writings 6 (64): 985–1028. 
  107. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 155–6.
  108. ↑ Patouillard NT. (1897) (in fr). Catalogue Raisonné des Plantes Cellulaires de la Tunisie. Paris, France: Imprimerie Nationale. p. 70. 
  109. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 158.
  110. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 159.
  111. ↑ Hennings P. (1901). "Fungi Indiae orientalis. II". Hedwigia 40: 323–42. 
  112. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 159–60.
  113. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 160–1.
  114. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 162.
  115. ↑ Kers LE. (1978). "Tulostoma niveum sp. nov. (Gasteromycetes), described from Sweden". Botaniska Notiser 131: 411–7. 
  116. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 162–4.
  117. ↑ 117.0 117.1 "New Jersey fungi". Grevillea 6 (39): 81–96. 1878. http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59649/0006/039/0081.htm. 
  118. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 212 (as Tulostoma volvulatum var. obesum).
  119. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 164–5.
  120. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 165–7.
  121. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 174.
  122. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 218–67.
  123. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 175–7.
  124. ↑ Saccardo PA. (1890). "Notes mycologiques" (in fr). Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France 5: 114–23. 
  125. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 177–9.
  126. ↑ Hennings P. (1898). "Fungi Americani-boreales". Hedwigia 37: 267–76. 
  127. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 179–82.
  128. ↑ Berkeley MJ. (1842). "Enumeration of fungi, collected by H. Cuming, Esq. F.L.S. in the Philippine Islands". London Journal of Botany 1 (3): 142–57. 
  129. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 182–4.
  130. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 184.
  131. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 184–5.
  132. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 185–6.
  133. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 186.
  134. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 186–8.
  135. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 188–90.
  136. ↑ Peck CH. (1895). "New species of fungi". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 22 (5): 198–211. doi:10.2307/2478162. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/8000#270. 
  137. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 191–3.
  138. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 193–4.
  139. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 218–9.
  140. ↑ Persoon CH. (1801) (in la). Synopsis Methodica Fungorum. p. 139. https://books.google.com/books?id=UugVAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA2-PA139. 
  141. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 195–6.
  142. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 196–8.
  143. ↑ "Tulostoma striatum (Gasteromycetes, Basidiomycotina) new to Europe". Cryptogamie, Mycologie 12 (2): 149–53. 1991. 
  144. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 199–202.
  145. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 202.
  146. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 203.
  147. ↑ Lloyd CG. (1921). "Mycological Notes 65". Mycological Writings: 1047. 
  148. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 204.
  149. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 204–7.
  150. ↑ Morgan AP. (1891). "North American fungi . The Gasteromycetes: 3". Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History 12: 163–72. 
  151. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 207–8.
  152. ↑ Sorokin N. (1865). "Materialy dla botanicseskoi geografii Aralo-Kaspiiskago kraia-Zapiski". Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk, St. Petersburg 7: 189. 
  153. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 208–12.
  154. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 214.
  155. ↑ Long WH. (1946). "Studies in the Gasteromycetes XII: Five new species of Tylostoma with membranous exoperidia". Mycologia 38 (1): 77–90. doi:10.2307/3755049. http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59350/0038/001/0077.htm. 
  156. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 215–7.

References

  • Wright JE. (1987). The genus Tulostoma (Gasteromycetes). Bibliotheca mycologia. 113. Berlin, Germany: J. Cramer. pp. 338. ISBN 3-443-59014-4. 



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