Biology:List of butterflies of India (Pieridae)

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This is a list of the pierid butterflies of India . It forms part of the full List of butterflies of India.

The family Pieridae, or the whites and yellows are a family of butterflies of moderate or small size. The common names refer to the two predominant colours found on the wings of these butterflies along with markings in black.

Of the 1051 species of pierids occurring in the world, 81 species in 21 genera are found in India.

The common Jezebel (Delias eucharis), is a brightly coloured pierid found in South Asia.

Distinguishing features

  • Outline of wings usually regular. Hindwings are never tailed.
  • Forelegs are fully developed in both sexes.
  • The hindwings are channelled at the abdomen to fit the abdomen.

Classification

Worldwide, family Pieridae has four subfamilies, of which the whites and the yellows are well represented in India.

Subfamily Pierinae, whites

Genus Aporia, blackveins

  • Tibet blackvein, Aporia peloria Hewitson, 1853
  • Himalayan blackvein, Aporia leucodice (Eversmann, 1843)
  • Dusky blackvein, Aporia nabellica (Boisduval, 1836)
  • Bhutan blackvein, Aporia harrietae (de Nicéville, 1892)
  • Great blackvein, Aporia agathon (Gray, 1832)

Genus Baltia, dwarfs

Genus Pieris, whites

Genus Pontia, Bath whites

  • Lesser Bath white, Pontia chloridice (Hübner, 1813)
  • Lofty Bath white, Pontia callidice (Hübner, 1800)
  • Eastern Bath white, Pontia edusa (Fabricius, 1777)

Genus Anaphaeis, pioneers

  • Pioneer (caper white), Anaphaeis aurota Fabricius, 1793

Genus Cepora, gulls

Genus Ixias, Indian orange tips

Genus Delias, Jezebels

Genus Prioneris, sawtooths

Genus Appias, puffins and albatrosses

  • Spot puffin, Appias lalage (Doubleday, 1842)
  • Plain puffin, Appias indra Moore, 1857
  • Western striped albatross, Appias libythea Fabricius, 1775
  • Eastern striped albatross, Appias olferna Fabricius, 1775
  • Chocolate albatross, Appias lyncida Cramer, 1777
  • Common albatross, Appias albina Felder
  • Lesser albatross, Appias wardii (Moore, 1884)
  • Orange albatross, Appias nero galba (Wallace, 1867)
  • Nicobar albatross, Appias panda chrysea Fruhstorfer, 1903

Genus Leptosia, Psyche

  • Psyche, Leptosia nina Fabricius, 1793

Genus Euchloe, little whites

Genus Hebomoia, great orange tip

Genus Colotis, Arabs

Genus Pareronia, wanderers

Subfamily Coliadinae, yellows

Genus Catopsilia, emigrants

Genus Gonepteryx, brimstones

Genus Dercas, sulphurs

Genus Eurema, grass yellows

Genus Gandaca, tree yellow

Genus Colias, clouded yellows

Life cycle

  • Eggs - Tall, bottle-shaped eggs which are ribbed down the sides. They are generally white, eventually changing to yellow or orange, or, they may be blotched with red.
  • Caterpillars - The caterpillars are cylindrical and smooth usually covered with hairy-ended tubercles. They are generally green and have pale longitudinal stripes. They are all generally similar and difficult to distinguish apart.
  • Chrysalids - Angular with a pointed head which may be produced into a long snout. Supported by a tail hook and girth, some being suspended head upwards like the swallowtails and others being fastened horizontally to a leaf or other surface.

Food plants

The food plants vary considerably, however there is a general trend, in that the whites mostly use capers, (family Capparidaceae) while the yellows usually prefer members of the family Leguminosae, which consist of peas, clover, Cassia and others.

References

External links



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