Biology:List of date cultivars

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A large number of date cultivars and varieties emerged through history of its cultivation, but the exact number is difficult to assess. Hussain and El-Zeid[1] (1975) have reported 400 varieties, while Nixon[2] (1954) named around 250. Most of those are limited to a particular region, and only a few dozen have attained broader commercial importance. The most renowned cultivars worldwide include Deglet Noor, originally of Algeria; Zahidi and Hallawi of Iraq; Medjool of Morocco; Mazafati of Iran.[3]

Most of the information in the following list is from Date Palm Genetic Resources and Utilization by Al-Khayri et al. (2015).[4][5]

List

Name Country Native name Notes Image
Abdel Rahman Yemen
Abel Libya
Abid Raḥim, Abidraḥim Sudan Arabic: عبد رحيم In Nigeria, it is called Dabino.
Abyadh (Bathri, seeded) Yemen
Ademou Morocco
Aghous (Aguis) Niger
Aglany Egypt
Aguelid Morocco
Ahardane Morocco
Ahmar Danca Mauritania
Ahmar Dli Mauritania
Aïssa-Iyoub Morocco
Ajwa Saudi Arabia Arabic: العجوة Emirati Ajwa date.jpg
Akanirom Niger
Al Sahagi Yemen
Al-Falha Mauritania
Alfat Al-Bahoua Mauritania
Alfat Foum Agadir Mauritania
Al-Hanaouia Mauritania
Alig Tunisia Arabic: العليقي
Almadeyna Niger
Almehtari Iran
Amari, Ameri Bahrain; Israel Arabic: عماري
Amchekhssi Mauritania
Amhat Egypt
Amir Hajj or Amer Hajj Iraq Soft with a thin skin and thick flesh, sometimes called "the visitor's date" because it is a delicacy served to guests.
Ammari, Ammary, Amry Tunisia; Egypt Arabic: عماري Dattes-Ammari.JPG
Anagow Chad Arabic: أنقو
Anbara, Anbarah Saudi Arabia; Kuwait Arabic: عنبرة
Angou Tunisia Arabic: أنقو Tn Dates Angou.JPG
Ardousow Chad
Aribo Chad
Arichti, Arichty, Rochty Tunisia Arabic: عرشتي Dattes arichti.JPG
Arsandow Chad
Asabia el Aroos Yemen
Asada Sudan
Aṣeel Pakistan Urdu: أصيل‎ Dates from Pakistan that are pitted and diced.[6] Aseel variety dates.jpg
Ashhal Bahrain
Ashrasi Syria Arabic: اشرسي
Aswad Qatar
Atratinna Niger
Awaidi Kuwait
Azat Qatar
Azigzao Morocco
Aziza Bouzid Morocco
Azzani Yemen
Baghaberha Niger
Bagounia Niger
Bamour Libya
Banat - Alabade Bahrain
Banat - Alssyid Bahrain
Baqal Yemen
Barakawi Sudan Arabic: بركاوي
Barbosa Yemen
Barḥi, Barḥee Bahrain; India ; Iran; Iraq; Israel; Kuwait; Palestine; Qatar; Saudi Arabia; Syria; Djibouti; Sudan Arabic: برحي Nearly spherical, light amber to dark brown when ripe; soft, with thick flesh and rich flavour. One of the few varieties that are good in the khalal stage when they are yellow (like a fresh grape, as opposed to dry, like a raisin).
Barni Oman Arabic: برني
Barni Madinah Saudi Arabia
Bartamoda, Barttamoda Egypt; Sudan
Basbrik Mauritania
Bashbak Qatar
Bayaḍ Saudi Arabia Arabic: بياض
Baydir Algeria [7]
Begum Jangi Pakistan
Beiḍ Saudi Arabia Arabic: بيض
Bejjou or bejou Tunisia Arabic: الباجو 1 Dattes Bejjou.JPG
Beladi Djibouti
Belhazit Morocco
Bent-Eisha Egypt
Bent Qbala Algeria
Berni Libya Arabic: برني
Berz Qatar
Bestian Libya
Biḍ Ḥamam Tunisia Arabic: بيض حمام
Bin Saif Qatar
Biraira, Bireir Sudan Arabic: برير
Birbin Syria Arabic: بربن
Bisr Ḥelou Tunisia Arabic: بسر حلو Dattes-Bisr.JPG
Bollior Spain
Bornow Chad
Boucerdoune Morocco
Boufaggouss, Boufegous (Moussa) Tunisia; Morocco
Bouhattam Tunisia
Bouijjou Morocco
Bouittob Morocco
Boujira Mauritania
Boukhanni Morocco
Bourar Morocco
Bouskri Morocco
Bouslikhene Morocco
Bousthami Morocco black (kahla) and white varieties
Boutemda Morocco
Bouzeggar Morocco
Braim, Breim Kuwait; Iran
Brismi Bahrain
Bu Narenjah Oman
Buchairah Bahrain
Buraimi Saudi Arabia
Candíos Puntiagudos Spain
Candits, Cándidos, Maduros Spain
Cheikh Mhammed (Sheikh Mohammed) Algeria
Choddakh Tunisia Arabic: شداخ
Confitera Spain
Dabbas United Arab Emirates
Dagh Pakistan
Datça Turkey
Dan Haoussa Niger
Daurat, Dorado Spain
Dayri Iran; Iraq; Israel Arabic: ديري The "Monastery" date, these are long, slender, nearly black, and soft.
De Adobo Spain
De Berberia Spain
De Espiga Spain
De Rambla Spain
De Sol Spain
Dedhi Pakistan
Degla Beida Algeria
Degla Bidha Tunisia
Deglet Noor Algeria; Chile ; Peru; Tunisia; United States; Israel; Palestine; Saudi Arabia; Syria Arabic: دقلة نور Dattes deglet from Biskra.jpg
Dehdar Moradi Iran
Dhakki Pakistan
Dibinojeh naoura Cameroon
Dilo Niger
Dogordow Chad
Empress Indio, California Developed by the DaVall family from a seedling of Thoory. It is large, and is softer and sweeter than Thoory. It generally has a light tan top half and brown bottom half.
Faqur Chad
Farḍ, Faraḍ Oman; Bahrain; Somalia Arabic: فرض Deep dark brown, tender skin, sweet flavor, small seed. Keeps well when well packed.
Fasli Pakistan
Fermla Tunisia Arabic: فرملة
Fezzani Tunisia Arabic: فزاني
Fṭimi or Alligue Tunisia Arabic: فطيمي Grown in inland oases of Tunisia. Fetimi.jpg
Gabiley Yemen Arabic: الجبيلي
Gajjar Pakistan
Gameye or Ngamaya Niger
Gargoda Egypt; Sudan
Gharrah Bahrain
Ghars Algeria Arabic: غرس
Gharss Souf (Gharss Meṭṭig) Tunisia Arabic: غرس سوف or غرس مطيقي
Ghudairey Yemen
Ghur Saudi Arabia Arabic: الغر
Gish Rabi Syria
Goknah Pakistan
Gonda, Gounda, Goundi Tunisia Arabic: قندة Dattes Gounda.JPG
Gondaila Egypt; Sudan
Goria Fari Niger
Goria Ja Niger
Goṣbi, Gouṣbi Tunisia Arabic: قصبي GousbiDates.JPG
Gros, Cavirots, Redondos Spain
Guewass Niger
Gulistan Pakistan
Gzaz Yemen
Hadib Niger
Hafs Morocco
Haji Mohammadi Iran
Hajri Yemen
Ḥalawi, Ḥalawy India ; Iran; Iraq; Israel; Palestine Arabic: حلاوي Soft, and extremely sweet, small to medium in size.
Halima Libya Halima is a woman's name.
Hallaw/Taroot Bahrain
Hallini Pakistan ; Qatar
Ḥalwa Algeria Arabic: الحلوة
Ḥamra, Ḥamrah, Ḥamria Tunisia; Yemen; Libya Arabic: الحمراء Dattes Hamraya branche.JPG
Handhal Oman
Haoua Morocco
Harissa Djibouti
Hatimi Bahrain Arabic: حاتمي
Hayany Egypt; Israel; Palestine Hayani is a man's name – these dates are dark-red to nearly black and soft.
Hilali Bahrain; Kuwait; Qatar; Saudi Arabia Arabic: هلالي
Hillawi Pakistan
Hissa Tunisia Arabic: هيسة File:HissaDates.JPG
Hitmi Qatar
Hloua Tunisia Arabic: الحلوة
Ḥorra Tunisia Arabic: حرة
Ḥulwa Saudi Arabia, Iraq Arabic: الحلوة رطب-درخت-نخل.jpg
Ḥumri Bahrain Arabic: الحميرة
Hussaini Pakistan
Iklane Morocco
Ilfodone Niger
Imri Djibouti
Indi Sri Lanka Sinhala: ඉඳ
Jabiri, Jabri Bahrain; Oman; Qatar
Jawan Sour Pakistan
Jihel Morocco
Jouzi Kuwait
Judean date palm Israel Arabic: نخل يهودا An ancient cultivar which, in 2005, was revived from a 2000-year-old seed. This cultivar is originally from the west coast of the Dead Sea.
Kaanihery Niger
Kabkab Iran; Syria Arabic: کبکاب
Karbaline Pakistan
Karwan Pakistan
Kasho Wari Pakistan
Kathari Libya
Kehraba Pakistan
Kentichi Algeria Arabic: كنتيشي Dattes kentichi.JPG
Khaḍrawi, Khaḍrawy Djibouti; India ; Iraq; Israel; Palestine; Syria Arabic: خضراوي (Arabic: 'green') – a cultivar favoured by many Arabs, it is a soft, very dark date.
Khalaṣ Djibouti; Sudan; Bahrain; India ; Kuwait; Oman; Qatar; Saudi Arabia; Syria Arabic: خلاص One of the major palm cultivars in Saudi Arabia. Its fruit is called Khlaṣ (خلاص). Notably produced in Hofuf (Al-Ahsa) and Qatif in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia (ash-Sharqīyah). Khlas.jpeg
Kharbalian Pakistan
Khaṣab Kuwait; Oman Arabic: الخصاب
Kisba, Kasbat - Asfoor Djibouti; Bahrain Arabic: كسبة
Khaṣouee Iran Arabic: خاصوئی
Khastawi Iraq; Syria Arabic: خستاوي The leading soft date in Iraq; it is syrupy and small in size, prized for dessert.
Khawaja Bahrain
Khenaizi, Khunaizi, Khuneizi, Khinaizy, Khineze Saudi Arabia; Bahrain; Oman; India ; Sudan; Syria; United Arab Emirates Arabic: الخنيزي Khanezi.jpeg
Khiḍri Palestine Arabic: خضري
Khoḍry Saudi Arabia Arabic: خضري
Khyarah Kuwait Arabic: خياره
Kinta, Kenta Tunisia Arabic: كنتة Dattes Kenta.JPG
Koîdi bichanga Chad
Koîdi dellémadow Chad
Koîdow Chad
Kougoudou Chad
Kouhi Chad
Koukouma Niger
Kourdow Chad
Krouskrous Niger
Kulma Sudan
Kupro Pakistan
Kustawy Palestine Arabic: خستاوي
Lagou Tunisia Arabic: اللاقو Dattes Lagou.JPG
Lakhdira Mauritania
Lamdina Mauritania
Largos Spain
Lemsi Tunisia
Léon Spain
Libyan Deglet Libya
Litima Algeria
Lohandjé Chad
Lolo, Lolwi, Lulu Syria; Kuwait; United Arab Emirates
Louted Mauritania
Mabroom (Barni Al Ola) Saudi Arabia Arabic: مبروم A large, elongated date
Mabsli Oman
Madina Sudan
Madini Yemen
Madloki Oman
Mahboula Mauritania
Mah-Lbaïd Morocco
Maiwa Niger
Maktoom, Maktoomi, Maktoumi Syria; Kuwait; Saudi Arabia Arabic: مكتومي Large, red-brown, thick-skinned, soft, medium-sweet date.
Malkaby Egypt
Malṭi Tunisia Arabic: مالطي
Manakbir A large fruit that ripens early.
Marchiano Chad
Marraner Spain
Masli, Masili Oman; Somalia
Maazwati Pakistan
Méboul Chad
Mech Degla Algeria
Medjool (Mujhoolah) Djibouti; Morocco; Chile ; Peru; United States; India ; Israel; Kuwait; Palestine; Saudi Arabia; Syria Arabic: المجهول A large, sweet and succulent date. Medjool-Date.jpg
Méguirti Chad
Mékléya Chad
Mékoîdi Chad
Mekt Morocco
Meneifi Saudi Arabia Arabic: منيفي
Merziban Bahrain Arabic: المرزبان
Mestali Morocco
Météréli Chad
Métoukouli Chad
Mgmaget Ayuob Hun, Libya
Mijraf Yemen
Mishriq, Mishrig Sudan Arabic: مشرق "east" Wad Khateeb and Wad Laggai varieties in Sudan
Miskani Saudi Arabia Arabic: مسكاني
Momeg Yemen
Mordaseng Iran
Moscatel Spain
Mourudow Chad
Mozafati, Mazafati, Muzawati Iran; Pakistan Persian: مضافتی "Suburban/Peripheral" Dark, fleshy and sweet date of medium size with a relatively high moisture content and is suited for fresh consumption, i.e. not dried. At a temperature of −5 °C (23 °F) it can be kept for up to 2 years. Mazafati dates - whole, halved and seed.jpg
Mriziga Mauritania
Mubashir Bahrain
Mudallal Bahrain
Muwaji Bahrain
Nabtat Ali Saudi Arabia Arabic: نبتة علي
Nabtat Saif Bahrain; Saudi Arabia; Syria Arabic: نبتة سيف
Nabtat Sulṭan Saudi Arabia Arabic: نبتة سلطان
Nabut Sultan Djibouti
Naghal Oman
Najda Morocco
Nebut Seif Kuwait; Qatar Arabic: نبوت سيف
Nemahan Somalia
Niqal Qatar
Noyet Meka Libya
Omglaib Libya
Oraiby Egypt
Otakin Pakistan
Oum Arich Mauritania
Oum-N’hal Morocco
Oumo-Assala Djibouti
Outoukdime Morocco
Pashpag Pakistan
Piarom Iran A large, thin-skinned, black-brown semi-dry date.
Qanṭar Kuwait Arabic: قنطار
Qash Oman
Qashmak Qatar
Qaṭarah Saudi Arabia Arabic: قطاره
Rabbi, Rabai Iran; Pakistan Persian: ربی
Rabia Saudi Arabia Arabic: ربيعة
Ras Lahmer, Ras Ltmar Morocco
Roghni Pakistan
Rojo Spain
Roṭab Iran, Iraq Arabic: رطب From Iraq, they are dark and soft. رطب-درخت-نخل.jpg
Ruthana, Rotana Saudi Arabia; Qatar Arabic: روثانة
Ruzeiz, Rzaiz, Rzizi Saudi Arabia; Bahrain; Djibouti Arabic: الرزيز
Sabaka Saudi Arabia Arabic: سباكة
Ṣabo Bahrain Arabic: الصبو
Ṣafawi Saudi Arabia Arabic: صفاوي Mainly grown in the Al-Madina region. Soft, semi-dried date variety; distinctive deep black colour, length and medium size. Share similarities with Ajwa dates such as taste.
Ṣafrir Israel Hebrew: צפריר‎ Red colored sweet dates that can be eaten immediately after being cultivated from the tree
Sahcari Somalia
Saiedi, Saidi Libya Soft, very sweet, these are popular in Libya.
Saila Libya Soft, very sweet, these are popular in Libya.
Saïrlayalate Morocco
Sakkoty Egypt
Salani Oman
Salmadina Mauritania
Samany Egypt
Samaran Kuwait
Sari Saudi Arabia Arabic: سري
Sayer Iran; Iraq Arabic for 'common' Dark orange-brown, of medium size, soft and syrupy.
Seedling Sudan
Ṣefri, Ṣufry Saudi Arabia Arabic: صفري
Ṣegae Saudi Arabia Arabic: صقعي
Sellaj Saudi Arabia Arabic: سلّج
Selmi Bahrain
Serfateh Yemen
Setrawi Bahrain
Sewi India
Shabibi Bahrain
Shahabi Syria
Shahal, Shahl Saudi Arabia; Oman Arabic: شهل
Shahani Iran Arabic: شاهانی
Shambari Bahrain
Shamiya Egypt
Shamran India
Shebebi Saudi Arabia Arabic: الشبيبي
Sheeri Djibouti
Shaishi, Shishi Saudi Arabia; Bahrain; Kuwait; Qatar Arabic: الشيشي
Sils Bahrain
Siwy Egypt
Sokotri Yemen
Soukani Mauritania
Sukkari, Suckari, Sokeri Saudi Arabia; Kuwait; Libya Arabic: سكري "Sugar" or "Sweet one" Yellow skinned; faintly resilient and extremely sweet, often referred to as ‘royal dates’. It is arguably the most expensive and premium variety.[8] Sukkary date.jpg
Sullaj Saudi Arabia Arabic: سلج
Suqadari Somalia
Tadmainte Morocco
Tafezwin Algeria
Taghayat Niger
Tagiat Libya
Takarmust, Takermest Algeria; Tunisia
Talharma Niger
Talis Libya
Talittat Niger
Tameg Libya
Tamezwert Algeria
Tanghal Niger
Tanjoob Bahrain
Tantbucht Algeria
Taqerbucht Algeria
Tarahim Qatar
Tawragh Niger
Ṭayyar, Ṭayer Saudi Arabia; Bahrain Arabic: الطيار
Tenat Spain
Tendre Dolz Spain
Tezerzayet, Touzerzayet Tunisia Arabic: توزرزايت Kahla and Safra varieties Dates Tozerzait.JPG
Thoory (Thuri) Algeria Popular in Algeria, this dry date is brown-red when cured with a bluish bloom and very wrinkled skin. Its flesh is sometimes hard and brittle but the flavour described as sweet and nutty.
Tha'al (Manasif) Yemen
Tidirchi or Toudourchi Niger
Tiernos, Tendre Spain
Tifred Mauritania
Tiguedert Mauritania
Tijeb Mauritania
Tilmoiran or Cliyarom Niger
Timjuhart Algeria
Tinterguel Mauritania
Tinwazid Mauritania
Tirtidou Chad
Tissibi Algeria
Tota Pakistan
Touzouwzaw Niger
Trasferit Libya
Tronja Tunisia Arabic: ترنجة Tn Dattes Trounja.JPG
Tubaig Yemen
Tunisi (Deglet Noor) Sudan
Um Raḥeem, Um Raḥim Saudi Arabia; Bahrain Arabic: أم رحيم
Um Sella Oman
Um Al-Dehn Kuwait
Um Al-Jwary Libya
Um Al-Khashab Saudi Arabia Brilliant red skin; bittersweet, hard white flesh
Verdal Spain
Wallo Chad
Wannana Saudi Arabia Arabic: ونانة
Ward Qatar
Wardanga Chad
Waserdow Chad
Zabad Oman
Zaghloul Egypt; India ; Syria Arabic: زغلول Dark red skin, long, and very crunchy when fresh (when they are typically served); extremely sweet, with sugar content creating a sense of desiccation in the mouth when eaten. The variety is essentially exclusive to Egypt, where it is subject to an element of nationalist sentiment on account of sharing a name with national hero Saad Zaghloul.
Zahidi Djibouti; Chile ; Peru; India ; Iran; Iraq; Israel; Palestine; Syria Arabic: الزهدي; Persian: زاهدی Medium-sized, cylindrical, light golden-brown semi-dry dates are very sugary, and sold as soft, medium-hard and hard. Arabic for "ascetic."
Zalao Chad
Zebur Libya
Zurghi (Makkawy) Yemen

In Gaza

The Gaza Strip, especially Deir al-Balah ("Village of Dates"), is known for its exceptionally sweet red dates.[citation needed]

English Arabic English Arabic English Arabic English Arabic
Afandi أفندي Jebaily الجبيلي Medjoul المجهول Sawaida سويدا
Ajwah العجوة Ka'ikah كعيكه Menaify منيفي Shahel شهل
Anbarah عنبرة Khalaṣ خلاص Meskany مسكاني Shalaaby شلابي
Aṣeel أصيل Khastawi خستاوي Mishriq مشرق Ṣayir صاير
Baiḍ بيض Khuḍry خضري Mushukah مشوكة Shuqry شقري
Barny برني Khuṣab الخصاب Rabiyyah ربيعة Ṣufry صفري
Berḥi برحي Lunah لونة Rashudiah رشوديه Sukkary سكري
Gharr الغر Lubanah لبانة Ṣafaawy صفاوي Ṣuqa'ey صقعي
Ḥelwah الحلوة Mabrum مبروم Sheeshee الشيشي Wananah ونانة
Ḥilya حلية Maktoomi مكتومي Sariyyah سارية Dhawy ذاوي
Khunayzey الخنيزي Um Ruḥaim أم رحيم Hilali هلالي Nabtat Sulṭan نبتة سلطان

See also

  • Date cultivation in Dar al-Manasir#Date cultivars

References

  1. ↑ Hussain, Fazal; El-Zeid, A (1975). Studies on physical and chemical characteristics of date varieties of Saudi Arabia. Ministry of Agriculture and Water, Saudi Arabia. 
  2. ↑ Nixon, R.W. (1954). "Date culture in Saudi Arabia". Ann. Date Growers' Instit. (31): 15–20. 
  3. ↑ Sidhu, Jiwan S. (28 February 2008). "22. Date Fruits Production and Processing". Handbook of Fruits and Fruit Processing. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 391–396. ISBN 978-0-470-27648-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=Vu8gsgLeW-YC&pg=PA396. 
  4. ↑ Al-Khayri, Jameel M., ed (2015). Date Palm Genetic Resources and Utilization. 1. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9694-1. ISBN 978-94-017-9693-4. 
  5. ↑ Al-Khayri, Jameel M., ed (2015). Date Palm Genetic Resources and Utilization. 2. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9707-8. ISBN 978-94-017-9706-1. 
  6. ↑ "Aseel Dates Pakistan". aseeldates.pk. https://aseeldates.pk/. 
  7. ↑ Rhouma, Abdelmajid; Nasr, Noureddine; Zirari, Abdelmalek; Belguedj, Malek (2006). "Indigenous knowledge in management of abiotic stress: Date palm genetic resources diversity in the oases of Maghreb region". in Jarvis, Devra Ivy. Enhancing the Use of Crop Genetic Diversity to Manage Abiotic Stress in Agricultural Production Systems (23-27 May 2005). Budapest, Hungary: Bioversity International. pp. 57–. ISBN 978-92-9043-722-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=W3xUNLG9xGwC&pg=PA57. 
  8. ↑ "Popular date palm fruit types: Sukkary dates" (in en). Fodakty. https://www.fodakty.com/blogs/date-palm-fuit-blog-useful-information-benefits-types-buying-selling/93393601-popular-date-palm-fruit-types-sukkary-dates. 

Further reading



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