Biology:List of sorghum diseases
This article is a list of diseases of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor).
Bacterial
| Bacterial diseases | |
|---|---|
| Bacterial leaf spot | Pseudomonas syringae |
| Bacterial leaf streak | Xanthomonas campestris pv. holcicola |
| Bacterial leaf stripe | Burkholderia andropogonis |
Fungi
| Fungal diseases | |
|---|---|
| Acremonium wilt |
Acremonium strictum |
| Anthracnose (foliar, head, root and stalk rot) |
Colletotrichum graminicola
|
| Charcoal rot | |
| Crazy top downy mildew |
Sclerophthora macrospora |
| Damping-off and seed rot |
Aspergillus spp. |
| Ergot |
Sphacelia sorghi
|
| Fusarium head blight, root and stalk rot |
Fusarium moniliforme
Other Fusarium spp. |
| Grain storage mold |
Aspergillus spp. |
| Gray leaf spot | |
| Latter leaf spot | |
| Leaf blight |
Setosphaeria turcica |
| Milo disease (Periconia root rot) | |
| Oval leaf spot | |
| Pokkah Boeng (twisted top) |
Gibberella fujikuroi var. subglutinans |
| Pythium root rot |
Pythium graminicola |
| Rough leaf spot | |
| Rust | |
| Seedling blight and seed rot |
Colletotrichum graminicola |
| Smut, covered kernel |
Sporisorium sorghi |
| Smut, head |
Sphacelotheca reiliana |
| Smut, loose kernel |
Sporisorium cruentum |
| Sooty stripe | |
| Sorghum downy mildew |
Peronosclerospora sorghi |
| Tar spot | |
| Target leaf spot |
Bipolaris cookei |
| Zonate leaf spot and sheath blight |
Gloeocercospora sorghi |
Nematodes
| Nematodes, parasitic | |
|---|---|
| Awl | Dolichodorus spp. |
| Dagger, American | Xiphinema americanum |
| Lesion | Pratylenchus spp. |
| Needle | Longidorus africanus and other species |
| Pin | Paratylenchus spp. |
| Reniform | Rotylenchus spp. |
| Ring | Criconemella spp. |
| Root-knot | Meloidogyne spp. |
| Spiral | Helicotylenchus spp. |
| Sting | Belonolaimus longicaudatus |
| Stubby-root | |
| Stunt | |
Viruses
| Viral diseases | |
|---|---|
| Maize chlorotic dwarf | Maize chlorotic dwarf virus |
| Maize dwarf mosaic | Maize dwarf mosaic virus |
| Sugarcane mosaic | Sugarcane mosaic virus |
Phytoplasma
| Viral diseases | |
|---|---|
| Yellow sorghum stunt | Yellow sorghum stunt phytoplasma |
Insects
Insect pests include:[1]
Root feeders
- White grubs
- Holotrichia serrata
- Lachnosterna consanguinea
- wireworms (Elateridae, Tenebrionidae)
- underground burrowing bugs, Stibaropus spp.
- termites
- Odontotermes spp.
- Microtermes sp.
- ants
Seedling pests
- shoot fly, Atherigona soccata
- cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon
Stem borers and leaf feeders
- spotted stalk borer, Chilo partellus
- pink borer, Sesamia inferens
- armyworm, Mythimna separata
- Spodoptera exempta
- caterpillars Amsacta albistriga, Amsacta lactinea, Euproctis virguncula, Cnaphalocrocis patnalis, and Mocis frugalis
- chrysomelid leaf beetles Chaetocnema indica, Longitarsus spp., and Phyllotreta chotonica
- ash weevil Myllocerus undecimpustulatus maculosus
- grasshoppers, Nomadacris septemfasciata, Acrida exaltata, Aiolopus longicornis, Aiolopus simulatrix, Aiolopus thalassinus, Atractomorpha crenulata, Chrotogonus hemipterus, Diabolocatantops axillaris, Hieroglyphus banian, and Hieroglyphus nigrorepletus
- grasshopper Conocephalus maculatus (eastern India)
- grasshopper Hieroglyphus nigrorepletus (western India)
Sucking pests
- shoot bug Peregrinus maidis (transmits two viral diseases, maize mosaic virus (MMV) and maize stripe virus (MStpV))
- corn aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis
- sugarcane leafhopper Pyrilla perpusilla
- hemipterous bugs, Cletus punctiger, Dolycoris indicus, Empoasca flavescens, Lygaeus spp., Menida histrio, Nephotettix virescens, and Nezara viridula
- thrips, especially Caliothrips indicus, Sorghothrips jonnaphilus
Earhead pests
- sorghum midge Stenodiplosis sorghicola
- earhead bug Calocoris angustatus
- bugs, like Dysdercus koenigii and Nezara viridula
- lepidopteran caterpillars are found feeding on developing grains: Autoba silicula, Cryptoblabes gnidiella, Cydia spp., Conogethes punctiferalis, Ephestia cautella, Eublemma spp., Euproctis limbata, Euproctis subnotata, Helicoverpa armigera
- maize cob borer Stenachroia elongella, especially in east India
- beetle species, Chiloloba acuta, Mylabris pustulata, and Cylindrothorax tenuicollis
Grain pests
- Sitophilus spp. (attacks stored grains)
Africa
The following pest species are reported for sorghum crops in northern Mali.[2]
- Atherigona soccata (sorghum shoot fly, a major pest): The larvae cut the growing point of the sorghum leaf.
- Agonoscelis pubescens is also reported as a sorghum pest.
- Busseola fusca (maize stem-borer; Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) attacks maize and sorghum, and occurs especially at higher altitudes. It is a common pest in East Africa, but has also spread to West Africa.
- Chilo partellus (spotted stem-borer; Lepidoptera, Crambidae): introduced, from East Africa but spreading. The larvae attack sorghum and maize. Present at low and mid altitudes.
- Contarinia sorghicola (sorghum midge or cecidomyie du sorgho in French; Diptera, Cecidomyiidae): The adult resembles mosquitoes. Larvae feed on developing ovaries of sorghum grains.
- Melanaphis sacchari (sugar cane aphid) attacks sorghum.
Sitophilus zeamais (maize weevil) and Sitotroga cerealella (Angoumois grain moth) attack stored sorghum and maize.[2]
See also
References
- ↑ Kalaisekar, A (2017). Insect pests of millets: systematics, bionomics, and management. London: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-12-804243-4. OCLC 967265246.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Heath, Jeffrey. "Guide to insects, arthropods, and molluscs of northern Dogon country". https://dogonlanguages.org/sources/insectarthropodmolluscnotesmalijh.
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