Biology:Lolium multiflorum
| Lolium multiflorum | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Subfamily: | Pooideae |
| Genus: | Lolium |
| Species: | L. multiflorum
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| Binomial name | |
| Lolium multiflorum Lam.
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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List
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Lolium multiflorum (Italian rye-grass,[2] annual ryegrass) is a ryegrass native to temperate Europe, though its precise native range is unknown.[3]
It is a herbaceous annual, biennial, or perennial grass, depending on the environmental conditions. Italian ryegrass is grown for silage, and as a cover crop.[4][5] It is also grown as an ornamental grass. It readily naturalizes in temperate climates, and can become a noxious weed in arable areas and an invasive species in native habitats.[3] Resistance to multiple herbicides, including those from the ESPS and ACcase groups, has been identified in wild populations of L. multiflorum. [6]
It is a host plant to wheat yellow leaf virus and ryegrass mosaic virus in its native Europe.[7][8]
It is sometimes considered a subspecies of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). It differs from L. perenne in its spikelet, which has a long bristle at the top, and its stem, which is round rather than folded.
It can be mistaken for couch (Elymus repens), which has spikelets along the broad side of the stem rather than the edge.[9]
Other common names in English include Australian ryegrass, short rotation ryegrass, and Westerwolds ryegrass. It is also one of several species called darnel.
Uses
Lolium multiflorum is widely used to provide large forage yields in short term leys where persistence of the crop is not a priority. In the United States, Lolium multiflorum is sometimes used as a winter cover crop to prevent erosion, build soil structure and suppress weeds. As a palatable forage crop, it can be grazed by livestock and provide food in years when alfalfa suffers from winter kill.[10]
References
- ↑ "Lolium multiflorum Lam." (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/407486-1.
- ↑ (xls) BSBI List 2007, Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland, https://bsbi.org/download/3542/, retrieved 2014-10-17
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Quattrocchi, Umberto (2006). CRC World Dictionary of Grasses: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology - 3 Volume Set. CRC. pp. 2408. ISBN 978-0-8493-1303-5.
- ↑ Undersander, Dennis; Casler, Michael (July 2014). "Ryegrass types for pasture and hay". Agronomy Advice. University of Wisconsin Extension. https://fyi.extension.wisc.edu/forage/ryegrass-types-for-pasture-and-hay/.
- ↑ Moseley, G.; E. L. Jones; V. Ramanathan (September 1988). "The nutritional evaluation of Italian ryegrass cultivars fed as silage to sheep and cattle". Grass and Forage Science 43 (3): 291–295. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1988.tb02154.x. Bibcode: 1988GForS..43..291M.
- ↑ Mahmood, Khalid; Mathiassen, Solvejg K.; Kristensen, Michael; Kudsk, Per (2016-08-05). "Multiple Herbicide Resistance in Lolium multiflorum and Identification of Conserved Regulatory Elements of Herbicide Resistance Genes" (in English). Frontiers in Plant Science 7: 1160. doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.01160. ISSN 1664-462X. PMID 27547209. Bibcode: 2016FrPS....7.1160M.
- ↑ Lapierre, Hervé; Signoret, Pierre A., eds (2004). Viruses and Virus diseases of Poaceace (Gramineae). France: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. pp. 605. ISBN 978-2-7380-1088-9.
- ↑ Mulligan, T. E. (1960). "The Transmission by Mites, Host-Range and Properties of Ryegrass Mosaic Virus". Annals of Applied Biology 48 (3): 575–579. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1960.tb03559.x.
- ↑ Reader's Digest Nature Lovers Library Field Guide To Wild Flowers Of Britain, 1998, page 416
- ↑ "Annual Ryegrass". Sustainable Agriculture Research & Education. USDA. http://www.sare.org/Learning-Center/Books/Managing-Cover-Crops-Profitably-3rd-Edition/Text-Version/Nonlegume-Cover-Crops/Annual-Ryegrass.
External links
Wikidata ☰ Q157883 entry
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