Biology:Lycopsis
Lycopsis is an extinct genus of South American metatherian that lived during the Miocene in Argentina and Colombia.[1]
History
Although not named until 1927, Florentino Ameghino described a species now seen as synonymous with Lycopsis torresi, Anatherium oxyrhynchus, in 1895 based on a mandibular ramus with several teeth.[2][3] The fossil was recovered from Puesto Estancia La Costa in Santa Cruz, Argentina, dating to the Miocene.[3] The type material of Lycopsis was collected in July 1895 by "C. Berry" from the middle Miocene strata of the Santa Cruz Formation along the Santa Cruz River in the same area.[2][4] The fossils (MLP 11–113) were fragmentary, constituting only several fragmentary jaw sections from the maxilla and mandible, including several molars.[4][5] However, these fossils were not named until in 1927, Ángel Cabrera named Lycopsis torresi, the generic name meaning "wolf-like aspect" after the anatomy of the mandible and the specific name after Argentine paleontologist and the director of the Museo de la Plata at the time, Luis Maria Torres.[4]
Taxonomy
The cladogram after the analysis of Suárez et al., 2015, looks as follows:[6]
| Sparassodonta |
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Description
L. longirostrus weighed 15 kg (33 lb) and stood 35 cm (1 ft 2 in) at the shoulders.[7] L. padilli slightly larger, weighing around 22 kg (49 lb), making this species the largest mammalian predator of its time.[8]
Distribution and habitat
Fossils of Lycopsis have been found in:[3]
- Arroyo Chasicó Formation and Santa Cruz Formations, Argentina
- Honda Group, Colombia
Isotopic analysis suggests that L. viverensis lived in less open environments than its distant relative, Thylacosmilus.[9] On the other hand, L. longirostrus is believed to have inhabited a densely forested habitat. This is further supported by the lack of the remains of terror birds.[10][7]
Paleobiology
Predatory behavior
A 2004 study found the forelimbs of L. longirostrus were not adapted for frequent climbing and instead were better used for manipulating behavior such as foraging and feeding.[10] Carbon isotope values suggests L. viverensis may have preyed upon rodents such as Cardiatherium and Tetrastylus and the litoperns Cullinia and Theosodon.[11]
References
- ↑ Argot, C. (2004). "Functional-adaptive analysis of the postcranial skeleton of a Laventan borhyaenoid, Lycopsis longirostris (Marsupialia, Mammalia)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24 (3): 689–708. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2004)024[0689:FAOTPS2.0.CO;2].
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Marshall, L. G. (1977). A new species of Lycopsis (Borhyaenidae: Marsupialia) from the La Venta fauna (Late Miocene) of Colombia, South America. Journal of Paleontology, 633–642.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Lycopsis at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Cabrera, Á. (1927). Datos para el conocimiento de los dasiuroideos fósiles argentinos. Revista del Museo de la Plata, 30, 271–315.
- ↑ Argot, C. (2004). Functional-adaptive analysis of the postcranial skeleton of a Laventan borhyaenoid, Lycopsis longirostris (Marsupialia, Mammalia). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 24(3), 689–708.
- ↑ Suárez, C.; Forasiepi, A. M.; Goin, F. J.; Jaramillo, C. (2015). "Insights into the Neotropics prior to the Great American Biotic Interchange: new evidence of mammalian predators from the Miocene of Northern Colombia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36. doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.1029581.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Argot, Christine (2004). "Evolution of South American mammalian predators (Borhyaenoidea): anatomical and palaeobiological implications". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 140 (4): 487–521. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00110.x. https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-abstract/140/4/487/2624237?redirectedFrom=fulltext.
- ↑ Suárez, Catalina; Forasiepi, AnalÍa M.; Goin, Francisco J.; Jaramillo, Carlos (2015). "Insights into the Neotropics prior to the Great American Biotic Interchange: new evidence of mammalian predators from the Miocene of Northern Colombia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36 (1). doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.1029581. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.2015.1029581.
- ↑ Sanz-Pérez, D.Expression error: Unrecognized word "et". (2024). "Paleoenvironment and paleoecology associated with the early phases of the Great American Biotic Interchange based on stable isotope analysis of fossil mammals and new U–Pb ages from the Pampas of Argentina". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 634. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111917. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018223005357.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Argot, Christine (2004). "Functional-adaptive analysis of the postcranial skeleton of a Laventan borhyaenoid, Lycopsis longirostris (Marsupialia, Mammalia)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24 (3): 689–708. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2004)024[0689:FAOTPS2.0.CO;2]. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1671/0272-4634%282004%29024%5B0689%3AFAOTPS%5D2.0.CO%3B2.
- ↑ Sanz-Pérez, D.Expression error: Unrecognized word "et". (2024). "Paleoenvironment and paleoecology associated with the early phases of the Great American Biotic Interchange based on stable isotope analysis of fossil mammals and new U–Pb ages from the Pampas of Argentina". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 634. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111917. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018223005357.
Template:Metatheria Template:Paleontology in Colombia Wikidata ☰ Q3840985 entry
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