Biology:Malva neglecta

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Short description: Plant species in the mallow family

Malva neglecta
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Genus: Malva
Species:
M. neglecta
Binomial name
Malva neglecta
Wallr.
Synonyms[1]

Malva neglecta is a species of plant of the family Malvaceae, native to most of the Old World except sub-Saharan Africa. It is an annual growing to 0.6 m (2 ft). It is known as common mallow in the United States and also as buttonweed, cheeseplant, cheeseweed, dwarf mallow, and roundleaf mallow.[2] This plant is often consumed as a food, with its leaves, stalks and seed all being considered edible.[3][4]Cite error: Invalid parameter in <ref> tag

Description

Dwarf mallow is a prostrate, downy, herbaceous plant, growing to approximately 60 cm (24 in). The leaves are alternate with long, strongly channeled petioles, up to 12 cm (4.7 in), and narrowly triangular stipules. It is a broadleaf winter annual that also persists through a biennial or perennial life cycle if environmental conditions are favorable.[5][6] Each leaf is reniform or with 5–7 shallow lobes, the basal leaves are 3–7 cm (1.2–2.8 in). It grows a tough taproot.[7] The flowers are single-stalked and occur in clusters of 2–5 in the leaf axils. The flower stalks are shorter than the leaf stalks, with the leaves partially obscuring the flowers. The fruits are schizocarps, which split into 10–12 mericarps (nutlets) and are smooth and hairy.[8][9]

Frost tolerance seen in Canada

After introduction into Canada, common mallow was found to be freezing tolerant, retaining the capacity for photosynthesis and respiration after long periods of exposure to subfreezing temperatures.[10]

Life Cycle

Malva neglecta exibits six age states: seedlings, juveniles, immatures, virginals, young generatives, and middle-aged generatives. Seedling leaf blades are pubescent below and along the edge. Juvenile plants have a solitary shoot and rounded leaves with wavy toothed edges. Immature plants show kidney-shaped leaves with jagged edges. Virginile plants present rosettes of 3-5 rounded heart-shaped leaves. Young generative plants develop solitary white or light pink flowers. Branching of the generative shoot is observed in Middle-aged plants.[11] While young leaves and stems are green, mature leaves and lower stems vary from green to purple in color.[12]

Ecology

Acyrthosiphon Malvae

Although the ecology is more complex, in the Thames valley, Acyrthosiphon Malvae (informally Aphis Malvae) is the common aphid found feeding on common mallow.[13]

Distribution

Native
Palearctic:
Macaronesia: Canary Islands
Northern Africa: Algeria, Morocco
Arabian Peninsula: Saudi Arabia
Western Asia: Afghanistan, Cyprus, Sinai, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestinian Territories, Syria, Turkey
Caucasus: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia
Soviet Middle Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Mongolia: Mongolia
China: Xinjiang
Indian Subcontinent: India, Pakistan
Northern Europe: Denmark, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom
Middle Europe: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia, Switzerland
Southeastern Europe: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Sardinia, Serbia, Slovenia, Romania,
Southwestern Europe: France, Portugal, Spain

Source:[14]

Uses

The plant has 1-Octacosanol, [15] Ascorbic (acid), Choline,[15] alkaloids, and saponin (the plant has a certain antioxidant content)[16] It has a high nitrate content, similar to that of arugula.[17][18] The flowers contain tannins.

Therapeutic

A common traditionally used medicinal plant, used for catarrh, enteritis, sore throat, hoarse voice, and as an expectorant.[19] A lab study has shown that the plant is good for stomach ulcers[20]

Seeds

The seeds can be eaten raw or cooked and have a nutty flavor.[17] Mature seeds can be cooked like rice or grains.[21] In the past, seeds were ground into flour in times of need.[22]

Root

The root can be ground and used as a meringue substitute[23] by boiling in water, simmering until thickened, and then whisked like egg whites.[24]

Leaves

Leaves are useful in salads, can be eaten raw, and contain Vitamin C, significant protein and mineral content.[25] In culinary applications, it is cooked similar to spinach, or used for thickening soups, as the leaves release a thickening agent similar to okra which is also in the mallow family. In Morocco leaves are known as Bakola or Khobiza, braised as a side dish (called salad, but cooked) or used as a sauce over couscous.[26] In Jewish and Egyptian cooking, leaves are made into a stew called Mulukhiyah.

  • Plant spreads along ground, leaves not large, leaves fairly uniform size (Antalya)
    Plant spreads along ground, leaves not large, leaves fairly uniform size (Antalya)
  • Spreading on rocks, similarly (Edinburgh)
    Spreading on rocks, similarly (Edinburgh)
  • Flowers, fruits and leaves
    Flowers, fruits and leaves
  • Flowers, fruits and leaves, closer
    Flowers, fruits and leaves, closer
  • Flowers can be pink with bold veins or may be pale
    Flowers can be pink with bold veins or may be pale
  • Paler form, hairs (visible) in centre at petal stalks
    Paler form, hairs (visible) in centre at petal stalks
  • Flower much larger than calyx, green calyx with 5 broad parts, epicalyx at base formed of 3 narrow strips
    Flower much larger than calyx, green calyx with 5 broad parts, epicalyx at base formed of 3 narrow strips
  • Flowers may have long to very long stalks
    Flowers may have long to very long stalks
  • Fruits
    Fruits
  • Fruits
    Fruits
  • Fruiting undersides, showing epicalyx of 3 narrow strips
    Fruiting undersides, showing epicalyx of 3 narrow strips
  • Flowers and fruits from side showing the features above, stalks reasonably long
    Flowers and fruits from side showing the features above, stalks reasonably long
  • Hairs a mixture of stellate (star-like) and simple
    Hairs a mixture of stellate (star-like) and simple
  • Hairs a mixture of stellate (star-like) and simple
    Hairs a mixture of stellate (star-like) and simple
  • Leaf
    Leaf
  • Leaf underside
    Leaf underside
  • Leaf underside
    Leaf underside

References

  1. ↑ "Malva neglecta Wallr." (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/561795-1. 
  2. ↑ "Malva neglecta". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=21836. 
  3. ↑ Facciola S. Cornucopia – A Source Book of Edible Plants. Vista, Ca. Kampong Publications, 1990. 677 p.
  4. ↑ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine{{cbignore} media| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bdGAUejE8BM&feature=channel_page%7C title = Wild Living with Sunny: Episode 16 - Mallow Plant S'mores | website=YouTube}}
  5. ↑ Patton, Aaron; Beck, Laura; Daniel, Kathy (2019-12-03). Spotlight on Weeds: Common Mallow (Malva neglecta) (Report). Purdue Landscape Report. Purdue University. https://www.purduelandscapereport.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Spotlight-on-Weeds-Common-Mallow-Malva-neglecta.pdf. Retrieved 2026-01-25. 
  6. ↑ Donaldson, Susan; Mazet, Wendy Hanson (2010). A Northern Nevada Homeowner’s Guide to Identifying and Managing Common Mallow: Malva neglecta (Report). Fact Sheet 10-21. University of Nevada Cooperative Extension. https://naes.agnt.unr.edu/PMS/Pubs/2020-3397.pdf. Retrieved 2026-01-25. 
  7. ↑ Batsatsashvili, K.; Mehdiyeva, N.; Fayvush, G.; Kikvidze, Z.; Khutsishvili, M.; Maisaia, I.; Sikharulidze, S.; Tchelidze, D. et al. (2017). "Malva neglecta Wallr.; Malva sylvestris L.". in Bussmann, R. W.. Ethnobotany of the Caucasus. Cham: Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-49412-8_115. https://www.academia.edu/download/80228208/978-3-319-49412-8_115.pdf. Retrieved 24 January 2026. 
  8. ↑ Stace, C.A. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles. Suffolk. ISBN 978-1-5272-2630-2. 
  9. ↑ Rose, Francis (2006). The Wild Flower Key. London: Frederick Warne. ISBN 978-0-7232-5175-0. 
  10. ↑ Makowski, R. M.; Morrison, I. N. (July 1989). "The biology of Canadian weeds. 91. Malva pusilla Sm. (= M. rotundifolia L.)". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 69 (3): 861–879. doi:10.4141/cjps89-101. https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/pdf/10.4141/cjps89-101. Retrieved 24 January 2026. 
  11. ↑ Saribaeva, Shakhnoza (13 June 2024). "Morphological variability and vitality of the cenopopulation of Malva neglecta Wallr.". E3S Web of Conferences, SDEA-2024. doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202453705024. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453705024. 
  12. ↑ Ketevan Batsatsashvili; Naiba P. Mehdiyeva; George Fayvush; Zaal Kikvidze; Manana Khutsishvili; Inesa Maisaia (2017). "Malva neglecta Wallr. Malva sylvestris L. Malvaceae". in Bussmann, R. Ethnobotany of the Caucasus. Springer. pp. 395-403. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-49412-8_115. https://www.academia.edu/download/80228208/978-3-319-49412-8_115.pdf. Retrieved 29 January 2026. 
  13. ↑ Eastop, Victor F. (1971). "Keys for identification of Acyrthosiphon". Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 26 (1): 52. ISSN 0524-6431. https://file.iflora.cn/fastdfs/group1/M00/63/C3/wKhnoF2AAvWATbvvAesU0oXuPiE959.pdf. Retrieved 1 February 2026. 
  14. ↑ {{citation | mode = cs1 | title = Malva neglecta | work = Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) | url = https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?23305 | publisher = [[Organization:Agricultural Research ServAgricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) | access-date = 20 April 2017 }}
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "Plant Malva neglecta (Malvaceae) | Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases". https://phytochem.nal.usda.gov/plant-malva-neglecta. 
  16. ↑ "PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF SOME SPECIES OF IRANIAN PLANTS (KURDISTAN PROVINCE )". http://www.ijpr-online.com/Docs/20032/IJPR122.htm. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "BPB : Vol. 27 (2004) , No. 5 702". http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/27/5/27_702/_article. 
  18. ↑ Anthony P. Knight, Richard G. Walter: Guide to Plant Poisoning of Animals in North America. Teton NewMedia, 2001, ISBN 978-1-893441-11-8. S. 28.
  19. ↑ "Ethnobotanical Plant Malva neglecta | Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases". https://phytochem.nal.usda.gov/ethnobotanical-plant-malva-neglecta. 
  20. ↑ Gürbüz, Ilhan; Ozkan, Ayse Mine; Yesilada, Erdem; Kutsal, Osman (2005-10-03). "Anti-ulcerogenic activity of some plants used in folk medicine of Pinarbasi (Kayseri, Turkey)". Journal of Ethnopharmacology 101 (1-3): 313–318. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2005.05.015. ISSN 0378-8741. PMID 16085377. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16085377. 
  21. ↑ Nyerges, Christopher (2017). Foraging Washington: Finding, Identifying, and Preparing Edible Wild Foods. Guilford, CT: Falcon Guides. ISBN 978-1-4930-2534-3. OCLC 965922681. 
  22. ↑ "LNVL - Regulus - Wilde Mehllieferanten". https://www.luxnatur.lu/regulus/r20000410.htm. 
  23. ↑ Facciola, Stephen (1990). Cornucopia: A Source Book of Edible Plants. Vista, California: Kampong Publications. ISBN 978-0961018412. 
  24. ↑ "Malva neglecta". https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=malva+neglecta. 
  25. ↑ Özer, M.; Aksoy, M. (2019-06-30). "Mineral composition and nutritional properties of Malva neglecta and Malvella sherardiana consumed as vegetable in Central Black Sea Region of Turkey". Turkish Journal of Food and Agriculture Sciences 1 (1): 18–23. ISSN 2687-3818. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/822815. 
  26. ↑ Powell, Bronwen; Ouarghidi, Abderrahim; Johns, Timothy; Ibn Tattou, Mohamed; Eyzaguirre, Pablo (2014). "Wild leafy vegetable use and knowledge across multiple sites in Morocco: a case study for transmission of local knowledge". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 10. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-10-34. PMID 24708730. 

Wikidata ☰ Q153343 entry



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