Biology:Morchella semilibera
| Morchella semilibera | |
|---|---|
| File:Mitrophora semilibera.jpg | |
| Morchella semilibera | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Pezizomycetes |
| Order: | Pezizales |
| Family: | Morchellaceae |
| Genus: | Morchella |
| Species: | M. semilibera
|
| Binomial name | |
| Morchella semilibera DC. (1805)
| |
| Synonyms | |
|
Mitrophora semilibera (DC.) Lév (1846) | |
| Morchella semilibera | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | smooth hymenium |
 | cap is conical or ovate |
 | hymenium attachment is irregular or not applicable |
 | stipe is bare |
 | spore print is cream to yellow |
 | ecology is mycorrhizal or saprotrophic |
 | edibility: choice or can cause allergic reactions |
Morchella semilibera, commonly called the half-free morel,[1] is a species of fungus in the family Morchellaceae. It is native to Eurasia and is edible.
Taxonomy
DNA analysis has shown that the half-free morels, which appear nearly identical on a macroscopic scale, are a cryptic species complex, consisting of at least three geographically isolated species.[2] Because de Candolle originally described the species based on specimens from Europe, the scientific name M. semilibera should be restricted to the European species.[3] In 2012, Morchella populiphila was described from western North America, while Peck's 1903 species name Morchella punctipes was reaffirmed for eastern North American half-free morels.[4] M. semilibera and the other half-free morels are closely related to the black morels (M. elata and others).[2]
A proposal has been made to conserve the name Morchella semilibera against several earlier synonyms, including Phallus crassipes, P. gigas and P. undosus. These names, sanctioned by Elias Magnus Fries, have since been shown to be the same species as M. semilibera.[5]
Description
The cap grows up to 5 centimetres (2 in) tall and wide, round at first and then conical. The ridges are vertical and slightly darker than the pits, blackish when dry.[1] The underside is whitish and the flesh thin. The buff stalk is up to 10 cm long and 2.5 cm thick.[1]
The spores are elliptical and smooth.[1]
In age, when the head is smaller compared to the stalk, it can resemble Verpa species.[1]
Distribution and habitat
The species is native to Europe and Asia.[3][6][4] It grows individually or in groups in wooded areas.[1]
Uses
The species is edible,[7] but is fragile and not very flavorful.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Arora, David (1986). Mushrooms Demystified: A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi (2nd ed.). Berkeley, California: Ten Speed Press. pp. 791-92. ISBN 978-0-89815-170-1. https://archive.org/details/arora-david-mushrooms-demystified-a-comprehensive-guide-to-the-fleshy-fungi-ten-speed-press-1986/page/791/mode/2up.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Phylogeny and historical biogeography of true morels (Morchella) reveals an early Cretaceous origin and high continental endemism and provincialism in the Holarctic". Fungal Genetics and Biology 48 (3): 252–265. Mar 2011. doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2010.09.006. PMID 20888422. https://naldc-legacy.nal.usda.gov/naldc/download.xhtml?id=49542&content=PDF. Retrieved 2018-12-29.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kuo M. (April 2006). "Half-free morels (Morchella species)". MushroomExpert.com. http://www.mushroomexpert.com/morchella_half-free.html. Retrieved 2011-04-18.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Taxonomic revision of true morels (Morchella) in Canada and the United States". Mycologia 104 (5): 1159–77. 11 April 2012. doi:10.3852/11-375. PMID 22495449. http://thekeep.eiu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1192&context=bio_fac.
- ↑ "Proposal to conserve the name Morchella semilibera against Phallus crassipes, P. gigas and P. undosus". Taxon 63 (3): 677–8. 2014. doi:10.12705/633.20. http://ascofrance.com/uploads/forum_file/Moreau-et-al-2014-proposal-Morchella-semilibera-Taxon-677-678-0001.pdf.
- ↑ Gibson, Ian (2009). "Morels & False Morels of the Pacific Northwest: An Introduction". Pacific Northwest Key Council. http://www.svims.ca/council/Morels.htm. Retrieved 2011-04-18.
- ↑ Phillips, Roger (2010). Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. p. 364. ISBN 978-1-55407-651-2.
External links
Template:Morchellaceae Wikidata ☰ Q1795398 entry
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