Biology:Non-allelic homologous recombination

From HandWiki

Non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR) is a form of homologous recombination that occurs between two lengths of DNA that have high sequence similarity, but are not alleles.[1][2][3] It usually occurs between sequences of DNA that have been previously duplicated through evolution, and therefore have low copy repeats (LCRs). These repeat elements typically range from 10–300 kb in length and share 95-97% sequence identity.[4] During meiosis, LCRs can misalign and subsequent crossing-over can result in genetic rearrangement.[4] When non-allelic homologous recombination occurs between different LCRs, deletions or further duplications of the DNA can occur. This can give rise to rare genetic disorders, caused by the loss or increased copy number of genes within the deleted or duplicated region. It can also contribute to the copy number variation seen in some gene clusters.[5]

As LCRs are often found in "hotspots" in the human genome, some chromosomal regions are particularly prone to NAHR.<ref name=Hurles>{{Citation 

 | last = Hurles
 | first = Matthew| contribution = Recombination Hotspots in Nonallelic Homologous Recombination 
 | title = Genomic Disorders: The Genomic Basis of Disease 
 | pages = 341–355
 | publisher = Humana Press
 | year = 2006

See also

References

  1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Hurles
  2. ↑ "Copy number variants and genetic traits: closer to the resolution of phenotypic to genotypic variability". Nat. Rev. Genet. 8 (8): 639–46. August 2007. doi:10.1038/nrg2149. PMID 17637735. 
  3. ↑ Colnaghi, Rita (July 2011). "The consequences of structural genomic alterations in humans: Genomic Disorders, genomic instability and cancer". Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology 22 (8): 875–885. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.07.010. PMID 21802523. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Colnaghi, Rita; Carpenter, Gillian; Volker, Marcel; O’Driscoll, Mark (2011-10-01). "The consequences of structural genomic alterations in humans: Genomic Disorders, genomic instability and cancer". Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology. Polarized growth and movement: How to generate new shapes and structuresChromosome Recombination 22 (8): 875–885. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.07.010. PMID 21802523. 
  5. ↑ "The mechanism of expansion and the volatility it created in three pheromone gene clusters in the mouse (Mus musculus) genome". Genome Biol Evol 1: 494–503. 2009. doi:10.1093/gbe/evp049. PMID 20333217. 




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