Biology:North American Dryopteris hybrid complex

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North American Dryopteris reticulate complex
North American Dryopteris reticulate complex

Hybridization and polyploidy are common phenomena in ferns, and the genus Dryopteris is known to be one of the most freely-hybridizing fern genera.[1] North American botanists recognized early that there were close relationships between many of the species of Dryopteris on the continent, and that these relationships reflected hybrid ancestry.[2] The complex includes six sexual diploid parents (one of which, "D. semicristata", is hypothesized to be extinct[3]), six sexual allopolyploids, and numerous sterile hybrids at various ploidal levels.

Diploid species

Allopolyploid species

Other hybrids

  • Dryopteris × australis (D. celsa × D. ludoviciana; triploid)
  • Dryopteris × bootii (D. cristata × D. intermedia; triploid)
  • Dryopteris × critica (D. borreri × D. filix-mas)[4]
  • Dryopteris × complexa aggregate (D. filix-mas and D. affinis; tetraploid)[4]
  • Dryopteris × convoluta (D. cambrensis × D. filix-mas)[4]
  • Dryopteris × deweveri (D. dilatata × D. carthusiana)[4]
  • Dryopteris × neo-wherryi (D. goldieana × D. marginalis; diploid)
  • Dryopteris × triploidea (D. carthusiana × D. intermedia; triploid)

References

  1. Sessa, Emily B.; Zhang, Li-Bing; Väre, Henry; Juslén, Aino (2015-08-01). "What We Do (and Don't) Know About Ferns: Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae) as a Case Study" (in en). Systematic Botany 40 (2): 387–399. doi:10.1600/036364415X688844. http://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article&issn=0363-6445&volume=40&issue=2&spage=387. 
  2. Montgomery, J; Wagner, WH (1993). Flora of North America North of Mexico, vol. 2. New York, New York: Oxford University Press. 
  3. Sessa, Emily B; Zimmer, Elizabeth A; Givnish, Thomas J (2012). "Unraveling reticulate evolution in North American Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae)" (in en). BMC Evolutionary Biology 12 (1): 104. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-104. ISSN 1471-2148. PMID 22748145. 
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Murphy, Rosaline J.; Page, Christopher N.; Parslow, Rosemary E.; Bennallick, Ian J. (2012). Ferns, Clubmosses, Quillworts and Horsetails of Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly. Truro: ERCCIS. ISBN 978-1-902864-07-5.