Biology:Nuphar advena

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Short description: Species of aquatic plant

Nuphar advena
File:Nuphar advena 263442397.jpg

Secure (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Order: Nymphaeales
Family: Nymphaeaceae
Genus: Nuphar
Section: Nuphar sect. Astylus
Species:
N. advena
Binomial name
Nuphar advena
(Aiton) W.T.Aiton
Synonyms[2]

Nuphar advena (spatterdock or cow lily or yellow pond-lily) is a species of Nuphar native throughout the eastern United States and in some parts of Canada, as well as Mexico and Cuba. It is locally naturalized in Britain.

Description

File:Nuphar advena (9099849881).jpg
Nuphar advena growing in shallow water

Nuphar advena is a perennial, aquatic herb[3] with spongy rhizomes[4] that are 5–10 centimetres (2–4 in) wide.[5] The leaves are mostly emergent,[6][7][8] but can also be floating, or submersed.[7] The submerged leaves are 12–40 cm (4 1⁄2–15 1⁄2 in) long and 7–30 cm (3–12 in) wide.[9]

The flowers are protogynous, fragrant, nectariferous,[10] solitary,[7][4] yellow-green,[7] and up to 4 cm wide.[5] They float on the water surface or extend beyond it.[7] The flowers have six sepals[8][5] while the gynoecium consists of 9–23 carpels.[5] The fruit is fleshy,[9] ovoid to broadly obovate,[8] ribbed, green, and 2–5 cm long and wide.[5] It contains 186–353 seeds,[10] which are 3–6 mm long.[5]

Cytology

The chromosome count is 2n = 34.[11] The chloroplast genome is 160866 bp long.[12]

Taxonomy

It was first published as Nymphaea advena Aiton by William Aiton in 1789.[13][2][14] It was placed into the genus Nuphar Sm. as Nuphar advena (Aiton) W.T.Aiton published by William Townsend Aiton in 1811.[15][16] It is placed in the section Nuphar sect. Astylus.[17]

Natural hybridisation

In the United Kingdom, it has hybridised with Nuphar lutea, resulting in the hybrid Nuphar × porphyranthera.[8][18]

Etymology

The specific epithet advena means immigrant,[19][9] outsider, foreigner, or stranger.[20]

Distribution and habitat

It is native to Canada (such as Nova Scotia),[5][21] the United States, Mexico, and Cuba.[3][2] It has been introduced to the United Kingdom.[3]

It occurs in ponds, lakes, streams, rivers,[6] marshes, and swamps.[7]

File:Nymphaea Advena (Yellow Pond Lily) in Billings-Kittredge Herbaria (01aeb558-c1cd-4511-b17c-fd2cb3200f06).tif
Herbarium specimen

Ecology

The flowers are pollinated by sweat bees, syrphid flies, and leaf beetles.[10]

The seeds are eaten by turtles and waterfowl.[7]

The rootstocks are sometimes collected by muskrats.[22]

Conservation

The NatureServe conservation status is T5 Secure.[1]

Uses

The plant is used as food.[23][24][9] The dried seeds can be eaten or ground to flour.[23][24][22] Native Americans cooked the rootstocks and removed the rind to prepare the sweetish, glutinous contents in various ways.[22]

It is also cultivated as an ornamental plant.[25]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 NatureServe. "Nuphar lutea subsp. advena" (in en). Arlington, Virginia. https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.140298/. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nuphar advena (Aiton) W.T.Aiton. (n.d.). Plants of the World Online. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30043701-2
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Spatter-dock Nuphar advena (Aiton) W.T.Aiton. (n.d.). PlantAtlas. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://plantatlas2020.org/atlas/2cd4p9h.gms
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Wisconsin State Herbarium, UW-Madison. (n.d.-a). Nuphar advena (Aiton) W.T.Aiton. Online Virtual Flora of Wisconsin. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://wisflora.herbarium.wisc.edu/taxa/index.php?taxon=4337
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 "Nuphar advena in Flora of North America @ efloras.org". http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500814. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 University of Michigan Herbarium. (n.d.-a). Nuphar advena (Aiton) W. T. Aiton. Michigan Flora. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://michiganflora.net/record/1725
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Alabama Herbarium Consortium (AHC) & University of West Alabama. (n.d.). Nuphar advena. APA: Alabama Plant Atlas. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from http://floraofalabama.org/Plant.aspx?id=2702
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Lansdown, R., & Ruhsam, M. (2022). Yellow water lilies (Nuphar, Nymphaeaceae) in Great Britain: a new hybrid, a reappraisal of records, and a revised status of N. advena. Edinburgh Journal of Botany, 79, 1-15.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Native Plant Trust. (n.d.-a). Nuphar advena — immigrant pond-lily. Go Botany. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/nuphar/advena/
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Lippok, B., Gardine, A. A., Williamson, P. S., & Renner, S. S. (2000). Pollination by flies, bees, and beetles of Nuphar ozarkana and N. advena (Nymphaeaceae). American Journal of Botany, 87(6), 898–902.
  11. ↑ Pellicer, J.; Kelly, L.J.; Magdalena, C.; Leitch, I.J. (August 2013). Bainard, Jillian. ed. "Insights into the dynamics of genome size and chromosome evolution in the early diverging angiosperm lineage Nymphaeales (water lilies)" (in en). Genome 56 (8): 437–449. doi:10.1139/gen-2013-0039. ISSN 0831-2796. PMID 24168627. http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/gen-2013-0039. 
  12. ↑ Gruenstaeudl, Michael; Nauheimer, Lars; Borsch, Thomas (November 2017). "Plastid genome structure and phylogenomics of Nymphaeales: conserved gene order and new insights into relationships" (in en). Plant Systematics and Evolution 303 (9): 1251–1270. doi:10.1007/s00606-017-1436-5. ISSN 0378-2697. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00606-017-1436-5. 
  13. ↑ Aiton, William, Bauer, Franz Andreas, Sowerby, James, Ehret, Georg Dionysius, & Nicol, George. (1789). Hortus Kewensis, or, A catalogue of the plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew (Vol. 2, Issue 13, p. 226). Printed for George Nicol, Bookseller to his Majesty. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4864646
  14. ↑ Nymphaea advena Aiton. (n.d.). International Plant Names Index. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://www.ipni.org/n/281429-2
  15. ↑ Aiton, William, Aiton, William Townsend, & King’s College London. (1810). Hortus kewensis, or, A catalogue of the plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew (Vol. 3, p. 295). Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47853133
  16. ↑ Nuphar advena (Aiton) W.T.Aiton. (n.d.-b). International Plant Names Index. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://www.ipni.org/n/30043701-2
  17. ↑ Nuphar advena (Aiton) W.T. Aiton. (n.d.). Database of Vascular Plants of Canada (VASCAN). Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/6712
  18. ↑ Nuphar × porphyranthera Lansdown & Ruhsam. (n.d.). International Plant Names Index. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://www.ipni.org/n/77317649-1
  19. ↑ A Grammatical Dictionary of Botanical Latin. (n.d.-b). Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from http://www.mobot.org/mobot/latindict/keyDetail.aspx?keyWord=Advena
  20. ↑ Hibbertia advena T.Hammer & Toelken. (n.d.). International Plant Names Index. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://www.ipni.org/n/77321192-1
  21. ↑ {{citation | mode = cs1 | title = Nuphar advena | work = Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) | url = | publisher = [[Organization:Agricultural Research ServAgricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) | access-date = 10 January 2018 }}
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Harrington, Harold David (1972). Western Edible Wild Plants. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. pp. 14-17. ISBN 978-0-8263-0218-2. https://archive.org/details/westernediblewil0000harr/page/9/mode/2up. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Nuphar advena (Aiton) W.T. Aiton Spatterdock. (n.d.). Missouriplants. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://www.missouriplants.com/Nuphar_advena_page.html
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Spatterdock | Nuphar advena. (n.d.). Mississippi State University. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://extension.msstate.edu/publications/spatterdock-nuphar-advena
  25. ↑ Nuphar advena (NUPLM). (n.d.). EPPO Global Database. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/NUPLM

Wikidata ☰ Q2651986 entry



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