Biology:Opisthiolepis

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Short description: Genus of plants

Opisthiolepis
Opisthiolepis heterophylla 238832837.jpg
Foliage
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Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Subfamily: Grevilleoideae
Tribe: Embothrieae
Subtribe: Hakeinae
Genus: Opisthiolepis
L.S.Sm.[2][3]
Species:
O. heterophylla
Binomial name
Opisthiolepis heterophylla
L.S.Sm.[2][3]

Opisthiolepis is a monotypic (i.e. containing only one member) genus of trees in the macadamia family Proteaceae. The sole species is Opisthiolepis heterophylla, commonly known as blush silky oak, pink silky oak, brown silky oak or drunk rabbit. It was first described in 1952 and is endemic to a small part of northeastern Queensland, Australia.

Description

Opisthiolepis heterophylla is an evergreen tree growing up to 30 m (98 ft) tall with a trunk diameter of 75 cm (30 in).[1][4][5] The leaves are usually simple on mature trees and oblong to elliptic in shape. They measure up to 23 cm (9.1 in) long by 9 cm (3.5 in) wide and are carried on petioles (leaf stalks) up to 5 cm (2.0 in) long.[4][6] The leaves are glossy green above and silvery white or brown below.[4][6] Like many other species in the Protoeaceae family, the leaves vary in shape considerably and may also be compound with up to 18 leaflets.[4]

The inflorescence is a pendant spike produced in the leaf axils[7] It measures up to 15 cm (5.9 in) and carries numerous small flowers in pairs.[4][6] The flowers are sessile (without a stalk) and glabrous (without hairs) and have 4 white or cream tepals up to 5 mm (0.20 in) long.[4][6][7]

The fruit is a green or brown woody follicle measuring about 12 by 3.5 cm (4.7 by 1.4 in) and containing several winged brown seeds.[6][7]

Taxonomy and naming

This species was first described by the Queensland botanist Lindsay Stuart Smith, based on a number of collections of material during the first half of the 20th century. Most collections were from the Atherton Tablelands with the exception of two – one from Mena Creek and another from the area that is now Kirrama National Park.[5]:80

Smith published his paper, titled "Opisthiolepis, a new genus of Proteaceae from Queensland" in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland in 1952.[2][5]

The species is reported to share its evolutionary closest correlates with the genera Buckinghamia, Finschia, Grevillea and Hakea in the subtribe Hakeinae.[8][9][10] The genetics studies, still at an early stage,[when?] suggest Opisthiolepis may represent the continuing living lineage of the ancient branch off from near the base or from before the base of the entire present day subtribe Hakeinae.[8][10][11]

Etymology

The genus name Opisthiolepis is derived from the Ancient Greek words ὄπισθεν (ópisthe) meaning back or behind, and λεπίς (lepís) meaning scale or flake. It is a reference to the single nectar gland (scale) in the flower.[7] The species epithet heterophylla is also from Ancient Greek, and is a combination of héteros (héteros), different, and φύλλον (phúllon), leaf, which alludes to the different forms of the juvenile and mature leaves.[7]

Distribution and habitat

Opisthiolepis heterophylla is endemic to northeastern Queensland and is found in the area from near Cardwell north to about Mossman (including the Atherton Tablelands where it is common).[4][7] It grows in rainforest, on various soil types but grows best on those derived from basalt.[4][6] The altitudinal range is from near sea level to about 1,100 m (3,600 ft).[6][7]

Conservation

This species is listed by both the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the Queensland Department of Environment and Science as least concern.[12][1]

Cultivation

The blush silky oak grows quickly in cultivation, one specimen in John Wrigley's garden in Coffs Harbour reaching 6 m (20 ft) high and flowering in four years.[13]

Gallery

  • Underside of foliage

  • Green foliage

  • Inflorescence

  • Flowers

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Forster, P., Ford, A., Griffith, S. & Benwell, A. (2020). "Opisthiolepis heterophylla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T118152028A122769076. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T118152028A122769076.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/118152028/122769076. Retrieved 9 November 2023. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Opisthiolepis heterophylla". Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/115924. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Opisthiolepis heterophylla L.S.Sm.". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2023. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:705288-1. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 Foreman, D.B. (2022). "Opisthiolepis heterophylla". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra. https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Opisthiolepis%20heterophylla. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Smith, Lindsay Stuart (1952). "Opisthiolepis, a new genus of Proteaceae from Queensland". The Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 62 (9): 79–81. doi:10.5962/p.351757. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48566377. Retrieved 9 November 2023. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 "Opisthiolepis heterophylla". Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government. 2020. https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/entities/Opisthiolepis_heterophylla.htm. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Cooper, Wendy; Cooper, William T. (June 2004). Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest. Clifton Hill, Victoria, Australia: Nokomis Editions. p. 418. ISBN 9780958174213. https://www.nokomis.com.au/product/nokomis-published-books/fruits-australian-tropical-rainforest/. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Weston, Peter H.; Barker, Nigel P. (2006). "A new suprageneric classification of the Proteaceae, with an annotated checklist of genera". Telopea 11 (3): 314–344. doi:10.7751/telopea20065733. http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/80856/Tel11Wes314.pdf. Retrieved 4 Apr 2013. 
  9. ↑ Sauquet, Hervé; Weston, Peter H. et al. (6 Jan 2009). "Contrasted patterns of hyperdiversification in Mediterranean hotspots". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106 (1): 221–225. doi:10.1073/pnas.0805607106. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 19116275. Bibcode: 2009PNAS..106..221S. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Mast, Austin R.; Milton, Ethan F. et al. (1 Mar 2012). "Time-calibrated phylogeny of the woody Australian genus Hakea (Proteaceae) supports multiple origins of insect-pollination among bird-pollinated ancestors". American Journal of Botany 99 (3): 472–487. doi:10.3732/ajb.1100420. PMID 22378833. 
  11. ↑ Duchene, David; Bromham, Lindell (13 Mar 2013). "Rates of molecular evolution and diversification in plants: chloroplast substitution rates correlate with species-richness in the Proteaceae". BMC Evolutionary Biology 13 (1): 65. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-65. ISSN 1471-2148. PMID 23497266. Bibcode: 2013BMCEE..13...65D. 
  12. ↑ "Species profile—Opisthiolepis heterophylla". Queensland Government. 2022. https://apps.des.qld.gov.au/species-search/details/?id=16548. 
  13. ↑ Wrigley, John; Fagg, Murray (1991). Banksias, Waratahs and Grevilleas. Sydney: Angus & Robertson. pp. 465–66. ISBN 0-207-17277-3. 

External links


Wikidata ☰ Q9052680 entry



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