Biology:Orthohepevirus
| Orthohepevirus | |
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| TEM micrograph of Orthohepevirus A virions | |
Virus classification 
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| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Riboviria |
| Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
| Phylum: | Kitrinoviricota |
| Class: | Alsuviricetes |
| Order: | Hepelivirales |
| Family: | Hepeviridae |
| Genus: | Orthohepevirus |
| Species | |
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| Synonyms | |
Orthohepevirus is a genus of viruses assigned to the family Hepeviridae.[3] Orthohepevirus is a fairly isolated viral genus in which the virions are characterized by round, non-enveloped and isometric capsids with a diameter of 27–34 nm. The hepatitis E virus belongs this genus as the species Orthohepevirus A[3]
Genome
Orthohepeviruses have RNA genomes of 7176 nucleotides in length and infect vertebrates. Additionally, the genome is monopartite, linear, and single-stranded. The genome is 5' capped with a poly A tail at the 3' end. The genome possesses three main open reading frames. The first encodes non-structural proteins, the second encodes the capsid proteins, and the third encodes a small, multifunctional protein.[3]
Taxonomy
Viruses from this genus have been isolated from a variety of mammals (including rodents, mustelids and bats) as well as birds.[3][4][5] At least three variants of avian hepatitis E virus have been isolated from birds.[6]
A Hepatitis E-like virus has been isolated from a Swedish moose.[7] This virus is quite distinct from the other known Hepatitis E viruses.[3]
In total, the genus has four recognized species: Orthohepevirus A, Orthohepevirus B, which was previously known as the avian hepatitis E virus, Orthohepevirus C, and Orthohepevirus D.[3]
History
Hepatitis E was first isolated in 1990. It was thought to be restricted to humans until 1997 when it was isolated from pigs.[8] The first isolation from birds was in 2001.[9]
Evolution
One study has suggested that this species may have originated in birds and then spread to bats and other mammalian species.[4]
References
- ↑ Purdy, Michael A. (June 2014). "New Classification Scheme for Hepeviridae" (in EN). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2014.008a-hV.A.v6.Hepeviridae.pdf. Retrieved 1 May 2019. "The change from the current usage of Hepevirus to Orthohepevirus for avian and mammalian HEVs and Piscihepevirus for trout HEVs is used."
- ↑ Chang, Sandra (17 July 2002). "Taxonomic Proposals from the ICTV "HEV-like viruses" Study Group" (in en). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2002.V101.Hepevirus.pdf. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 "ICTV Online (10th) Report". http://www.ictv.global/report/hepeviridae.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Bats worldwide carry hepatitis E virus-related viruses that form a putative novel genus within the family Hepeviridae". J. Virol. 86 (17): 9134–47. 2012. doi:10.1128/JVI.00800-12. PMID 22696648.
- ↑ "Phylogenetic analysis of avian hepatitis E virus samples from European and Australian chicken flocks supports the existence of a different genus within the Hepeviridae comprising at least three different genotypes". Vet. Microbiol. 145 (1–2): 54–61. 2010. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.03.014. PMID 20399575.
- ↑ "[Detection and description of avian hepatitis E virus isolated in China—a review]" (in Chinese). Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 52 (3): 279–85. 2012. PMID 22712397.
- ↑ "Novel hepatitis E like virus found in Swedish moose". J. Gen. Virol. 95 (Pt 3): 557–70. 2014. doi:10.1099/vir.0.059238-0. PMID 24296469.
- ↑ "A novel virus in swine is closely related to the human hepatitis E virus". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (18): 9860–5. 1997. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.18.9860. PMID 9275216. Bibcode: 1997PNAS...94.9860M.
- ↑ "Genetic identification and characterization of a novel virus related to human hepatitis E virus from chickens with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in the United States". J. Gen. Virol. 82 (10): 2449–62. 2001. doi:10.1099/0022-1317-82-10-2449. PMID 11562538.
External links
Wikidata ☰ Q24718671 entry
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