Biology:Outline of the Wars of Scottish Independence

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Short description: Overview of and topical guide to the Wars of Scottish Independence

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Wars of Scottish Independence:

Wars of Scottish Independence – A series of military campaigns fought from 1296–1357 by the Kingdom of Scotland to maintain their nation's independence from the Kingdom of England.

Background

The following events can be seen as leading to the Wars of Scottish Independence:

  • Death of Alexander III of Scotland - 19 March 1286
  • Death of Margaret, Maid of Norway - September 1290 - left no clear heir to the throne of Scotland.
  • Competitors for the Crown of Scotland - 13 individuals claiming the throne of Scotland. Edward I of England was asked to conduct the court which choose the next king.

Participants

Combatants of the following nations and entities were involved in the Wars of Scottish Independence:

Main conflicts and campaigns

The Wars of Scottish Independence consisted of the following conflicts:

  • First War of Scottish Independence - 1296–1328
    • English invasion of Scotland (1296)
    • Bruce campaign in Ireland - 1315–1318
  • Second War of Scottish Independence - 1332–1357

Notable agreements

The following agreements all had a bearing on the conduct of the Wars of Scottish Independence:

  • Ragman Rolls - Series of agreements whereby the Scottish nobles subscribed to the allegiance of Edward I of England. Signed in 1291, 1292 and 1296.
  • Auld Alliance - Agreement made in 1295 between the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of France against the Kingdom of England.
  • Declaration of Arbroath - Letter sent to Pope John XXII in 1320 asserting Scotland's independence.
  • Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton - 1328 treaty formally ending the First War of Scottish Independence.
  • Treaty of Berwick (1357) - Formally ended the Second War of Scottish Independence.

Notable individuals

Leaders in Scotland

Notable figures in the first Scottish War of Independence

Kings

  • John Balliol - 1292–1296
  • Robert the Bruce - 1306–1329
  • David II of Scotland - 1329–1371

Guardians

Interregnum period

The following people all served as the Guardian of Scotland, either solely or jointly during the interregnum of 1296–1306:

  • William Wallace - 1297–1298
  • Andrew Moray - 1297–1298
  • Robert the Bruce - 1298–1300
  • John Comyn III of Badenoch - 1298–1304
  • William de Lamberton - 1299–1301
  • Ingram de Umfraville - 1300–1301
  • John de Soules - 1301–1304
Minority of David II

The following people all served as the Guardian of Scotland, during the minority of David II of Scotland:

  • Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray - 1329–1332
  • Domhnall II, Earl of Mar - 1332
  • Andrew Murray - 1332, 1335–1338
  • Robert II of Scotland - 1334–1335, 1338–1341. Would serve again when David II was captured by the English from 1347–1354.

Leaders in England

Kings

  • Edward I of England - 1272–1307
  • Edward II of England - 1307–1327
  • Edward III of England - 1327–1377

Other leaders

  • Edward Balliol - Claimant to the Scottish throne. Would claim to rule from 1332–1356.

See also

  • Anglo-Scottish Wars
  • List of battles between Scotland and England

External links



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