Biology:Oxalobacter
Oxalobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic, non-spore-forming bacteria in the Oxalobacteraceae family.[1] Members of this genus are chemoorganotrophs, using oxalate as their primary carbon and energy source. The genus was first described in 1985 with the discovery of Oxalobacter formigenes[2].
The genus is best known for its role in the human gastrointestinal tract, where it may contribute to oxalate homeostasis and influence the risk of calcium oxalate kidney stone formation.
Morphology and Physiology
All described Oxalobacter species are Gram-negative and strictly anaerobic. Although generally rod-shaped, slight morphological variability (e.g., curved rods) may be observed between species. Members of the Oxalobacter genus do not form spores and are non-motile.
These bacteria grow optimally in anaerobic environments using oxalate as their main carbon and energy source. Acetate and bicarbonate are used as co-substrates for optimal growth.[3] The end products of oxalate metabolism are formate and carbon dioxide, via oxalyl-CoA decarboxylation.
Ecology
Members of the Oxalobacter genus are primarily found in the gastrointestinal tracts of mammals, including humans and rodents.[4] They may also be isolated from environmental sources such as freshwater.[5] The ecological niche of Oxalobacter species is closely tied to the presence of dietary or endogenous oxalate.
References
- ↑ Garrity, George M.; Brenner, Don J.; Krieg, Noel R.; Staley, James T. (eds.) (2005). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume Two: The Proteobacteria, Part C: The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria. New York, New York: Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-24145-6.
- ↑ Allison, Milton J.; Dawson, Karl A.; Mayberry, William R.; Foss, John G. (1985). "Oxalobacter formigenes gen. nov., sp. nov.: oxalate-degrading anaerobes that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract" (in en). Archives of Microbiology 141 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1007/BF00446731. ISSN 0302-8933. PMID 3994481. Bibcode: 1985ArMic.141....1A. https://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF00446731.
- ↑ Cornick, N. A.; Allison, M. J. (1996-11-01). "Assimilation of oxalate, acetate, and CO 2 by Oxalobacter formigenes" (in en). Canadian Journal of Microbiology 42 (11): 1081–1086. doi:10.1139/m96-138. ISSN 0008-4166. http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/m96-138.
- ↑ Daniel, Steven L.; Moradi, Luke; Paiste, Henry; Wood, Kyle D.; Assimos, Dean G.; Holmes, Ross P.; Nazzal, Lama; Hatch, Marguerite et al. (2021-08-26). Julia Pettinari, M.. ed. "Forty Years of Oxalobacter formigenes, a Gutsy Oxalate-Degrading Specialist" (in en). Applied and Environmental Microbiology 87 (18). doi:10.1128/AEM.00544-21. ISSN 0099-2240. PMID 34190610. PMC 8388816. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/AEM.00544-21.
- ↑ Smith, Richard L.; Strohmaier, Frances E.; Oremland, Ronald S. (February 1985). "Isolation of anaerobic oxalate-degrading bacteria from freshwater lake sediments" (in en). Archives of Microbiology 141 (1): 8–13. doi:10.1007/BF00446732. ISSN 0302-8933. https://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF00446732.
External links
Wikidata ☰ Q3887773 entry
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