Biology:Dipoena

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Short description: Genus of spiders

Dipoena
Dipoena malkini f.jpg
Dipoena malkini, female
Dipoena nigra 1.jpg
Dipoena nigra, female
Scientific classification e
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Araneomorphae
Family: Theridiidae
Genus: Dipoena
Thorell, 1869[1]
Type species
D. melanogaster
(C. L. Koch, 1837)
Species

162, see text

Synonyms[1]
  • Paoningia Schenkel, 1936[2]
  • Stictoxena Simon, 1894[2]
  • Umfila Keyserling, 1886[2]

Dipoena is a genus of tangle-web spiders that was first described by Tamerlan Thorell in 1869.[3]

Species

(As of September 2019) it contains 162 species, found in Asia, Central America, North America, Africa, the Caribbean, Europe, South America, on Vanuatu, and in Australia:[1]

  • D. abdita Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936 – USA, Mexico, Caribbean
  • D. aculeata (Hickman, 1951) – Australia (Tasmania)
  • D. adunca Tso, Zhu & Zhang, 2005 – Taiwan
  • D. ahenea (Dyal, 1935) – Pakistan
  • D. anahuas Levi, 1963 – Mexico
  • D. anas Levi, 1963 – Panama, Colombia
  • D. appalachia Levi, 1953 – USA, Canada
  • D. arborea Zhang & Zhang, 2011 – China
  • D. atlantica Chickering, 1943 – Panama to Paraguay
  • D. augara Levi, 1963 – Venezuela, Brazil
  • D. austera Simon, 1908 – Australia (Western Australia)
  • D. banksi Chickering, 1943 – Costa Rica to Venezuela
  • D. bellingeri Levi, 1963 – Jamaica
  • D. beni Levi, 1963 – Bolivia
  • D. bernardino Levi, 1963 – USA
  • D. bifida Zhang & Zhang, 2011 – China
  • D. bimini Levi, 1963 – Bahama Is., Cuba
  • D. bodjensis (Simon, 1885) – Indonesia (Bodjo Is.)
  • D. bonitensis Rodrigues, 2013 – Brazil
  • D. boquete Levi, 1963 – Panama
  • D. braccata (C. L. Koch, 1841) – Europe, Mediterranean, Caucasus
  • D. bristowei Caporiacco, 1949 – Kenya
  • D. bryantae Chickering, 1943 – Panama, Trinidad, Brazil
  • D. buccalis Keyserling, 1886 – North America
  • D. calvata Gao & Li, 2014 – China
  • D. cartagena Sedgwick, 1973 – Chile
  • D. cathedralis Levi, 1953 – China, USA
  • D. chathami Levi, 1953 – USA
  • D. chickeringi Levi, 1953 – Panama
  • D. chillana Levi, 1963 – Chile
  • D. cidae Rodrigues, 2013 – Brazil
  • D. complexa Gao & Li, 2014 – China
  • D. cordiformis Keyserling, 1886 – Costa Rica to Brazil
  • D. cornuta Chickering, 1943 – Nicaragua to Bolivia
  • D. croatica (Chyzer, 1894) – Eastern Europe
  • D. crocea (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896) – Guatemala
  • D. destricta Simon, 1903 – Sierra Leone
  • D. dominicana Wunderlich, 1986 – Hispaniola
  • D. dorsata Muma, 1944 – USA to Paraguay
  • D. duodecimpunctata Chickering, 1943 – Panama, Venezuela, Brazil
  • D. eatoni Chickering, 1943 – Mexico, Panama
  • D. ericae Rodrigues, 2013 – Brazil
  • D. erythropus (Simon, 1881) – Europe
  • D. esra Levi, 1963 – Peru, Brazil
  • D. flavomaculata (Keyserling, 1891) – Brazil
  • D. foliata Keyserling, 1886 – Brazil
  • D. fornicata Thorell, 1895 – Myanmar
  • D. fortunata Levi, 1953 – Mexico
  • D. fozdoiguacuensis Rodrigues, 2013 – Brazil
  • D. galilaea Levy & Amitai, 1981 – Greece, Israel
  • D. glomerabilis Simon, 1909 – Vietnam
  • D. grammata Simon, 1903 – Gabon
  • D. granulata (Keyserling, 1886) – Brazil, Argentina
  • D. guaraquecaba Rodrigues, 2013 – Brazil
  • D. gui Zhu, 1998 – China
  • D. hasra Roberts, 1983 – Seychelles (Aldabra)
  • D. hortoni Chickering, 1943 – Panama to Brazil
  • D. hui Zhu, 1998 – China
  • D. insulana Chickering, 1943 – Mexico to Panama
  • D. ira Levi, 1963 – Brazil
  • D. isthmia Chickering, 1943 – Panama, Brazil
  • D. josephus Levi, 1953 – Costa Rica, Panama
  • D. keumunensis Paik, 1996 – Korea
  • D. keyserlingi Levi, 1963 – Brazil
  • D. kuyuwini Levi, 1963 – Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil, Bolivia
  • D. lana Levi, 1953 – USA, Panama
  • D. latifrons Denis, 1951 – France, Spain (Balearic Is.)?
  • D. lesnei Simon, 1899 – Algeria
  • D. leveillei (Simon, 1885) – Algeria, Tunisia
  • D. liguanea Levi, 1963 – Jamaica
  • D. lindholmi (Strand, 1910) – Ukraine
  • D. linzhiensis Hu, 2001 – China
  • D. longiducta Zhang & Zhang, 2011 – China
  • D. longiventris (Simon, 1905) – Argentina
  • D. lugens (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1909) – Britain, Spain
  • D. luisi Levi, 1953 – Mexico
  • D. malkini Levi, 1953 – USA
  • D. meckeli Simon, 1898 – St. Vincent
  • D. melanogaster (C. L. Koch, 1837) (type) – Europe, North Africa to Azerbaijan, Iran
  • D. membranula Zhang & Zhang, 2011 – China
  • D. mendoza Levi, 1967 – Brazil, Argentina
  • D. mertoni Levi, 1963 – Panama
  • D. militaris Chickering, 1943 – Panama to Paraguay
  • D. mitifica Simon, 1899 – Indonesia (Sumatra)
  • D. mollis (Simon, 1903) – Equatorial Guinea
  • D. neotoma Levi, 1953 – USA
  • D. nigra (Emerton, 1882) – USA, Canada, Mexico
  • D. nigroreticulata (Simon, 1880) – Europe to Azerbaijan
  • D. nipponica Yoshida, 2002 – China, Japan
  • D. niteroi Levi, 1963 – Brazil
  • D. notata Dyal, 1935 – Pakistan
  • D. obscura Keyserling, 1891 – Brazil
  • D. ocosingo Levi, 1953 – Mexico
  • D. ohigginsi Levi, 1963 – Chile
  • D. olivenca Levi, 1963 – Brazil
  • D. opana Levi, 1963 – Brazil
  • D. origanata Levi, 1953 – Mexico
  • D. orvillei Chickering, 1943 – Panama
  • D. pacifica Chickering, 1943 – Panama, Jamaica
  • D. pacificana Berland, 1938 – Vanuatu
  • D. pallisteri Levi, 1963 – Peru
  • D. parki Chickering, 1943 – Panama
  • D. pelorosa Zhu, 1998 – China, Japan
  • D. peregregia Simon, 1909 – Vietnam
  • D. perimenta Levi, 1963 – Panama
  • D. peruensis Levi, 1963 – Peru, Brazil, Paraguay
  • D. petrunkevitchi Roewer, 1942 – Myanmar
  • D. picta (Thorell, 1890) – Indonesia (Sumatra)
  • D. plaumanni Levi, 1963 – Brazil
  • D. polita (Mello-Leitão, 1947) – Brazil
  • D. praecelsa Simon, 1914 – France
  • D. pristea Roberts, 1983 – Seychelles (Aldabra)
  • D. proterva Chickering, 1943 – Panama
  • D. provalis Levi, 1953 – USA
  • D. puertoricensis Levi, 1963 – Puerto Rico, Brazil
  • D. pulicaria (Thorell, 1890) – Indonesia (Sumatra)
  • D. pumicata (Keyserling, 1886) – Brazil, Argentina
  • D. punctisparsa Yaginuma, 1967 – Korea, Japan
  • D. pusilla (Keyserling, 1886) – Brazil
  • D. quadricuspis Caporiacco, 1949 – Kenya
  • D. redunca Zhu, 1998 – China
  • D. ripa Zhu, 1998 – China
  • D. rita Levi, 1953 – USA
  • D. rubella (Keyserling, 1884) – Panama to Peru, Brazil
  • D. santacatarinae Levi, 1963 – Brazil
  • D. santaritadopassaquatrensis Rodrigues, 2013 – Brazil
  • D. scabella Simon, 1903 – Equatorial Guinea
  • D. seclusa Chickering, 1948 – Panama to Venezuela
  • D. sedilloti (Simon, 1885) – France, Algeria, Tunisia
  • D. semicana Simon, 1909 – Vietnam
  • D. seminigra Simon, 1909 – Vietnam
  • D. sericata (Simon, 1880) – France
  • D. sertata (Simon, 1895) – Sri Lanka
  • D. setosa (Hickman, 1951) – Australia (Tasmania)
  • D. shortiducta Zhang & Zhang, 2011 – China
  • D. signifera Simon, 1909 – Vietnam
  • D. silvicola Miller, 1970 – Angola
  • D. standleyi Levi, 1963 – Panama
  • D. subflavida Thorell, 1895 – Myanmar
  • D. submustelina Zhu, 1998 – China
  • D. sulfurica Levi, 1953 – USA, Mexico
  • D. taeniatipes Keyserling, 1891 – Brazil
  • D. tecoja Levi, 1953 – Mexico
  • D. tingo Levi, 1963 – Peru, Brazil
  • D. tiro Levi, 1963 – Venezuela, Brazil
  • D. torva (Thorell, 1875) – Europe, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan
  • D. transversisulcata Strand, 1908 – Madagascar
  • D. trinidensis Levi, 1963 – Trinidad, Brazil
  • D. tropica Chickering, 1943 – Panama, Colombia
  • D. tuldokguhitanea Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
  • D. turriceps (Schenkel, 1936) – China, Laos
  • D. umbratilis (Simon, 1873) – Western Mediterranean
  • D. variabilis (Keyserling, 1886) – Brazil
  • D. venusta Chickering, 1948 – Panama
  • D. wangi Zhu, 1998 – China, Korea
  • D. washougalia Levi, 1953 – USA
  • D. waspucensis Levi, 1963 – Nicaragua
  • D. woytkowskii Levi, 1963 – Venezuela, Peru
  • D. xanthopus Simon, 1914 – Algeria
  • D. yutian Hu & Wu, 1989 – China
  • D. zeteki Chickering, 1943 – Panama
  • D. zhangi Yin, 2012 – China


In synonymy:

  • D. barro Levi, 1963 = Dipoena anas Levi, 1963
  • D. copiosa Levi, 1953 = Dipoena cordiformis Keyserling, 1886
  • D. crassiventris Keyserling, 1886 = Dipoena nigra (Emerton, 1882)
  • D. inca Levi, 1963 = Dipoena tingo Levi, 1963
  • D. inornata (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944, T from Euryopis) = Dipoena abdita Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936
  • D. itu Levi, 1963 = Dipoena taeniatipes Keyserling, 1891
  • D. maculata Keyserling, 1891 = Dipoena pumicata (Keyserling, 1886)
  • D. matagrossensis Soares & Camargo, 1948 = Dipoena militaris Chickering, 1943
  • D. parvula Banks, 1901 = Dipoena nigra (Emerton, 1882)
  • D. procax (Simon, 1879) = Dipoena torva (Thorell, 1875)
  • D. roeweri Chickering, 1951 = Dipoena rubella (Keyserling, 1884)
  • D. schmidti Levi, 1963 = Dipoena banksi Chickering, 1943
  • D. sicki Levi, 1963 (T from Dipoenata) = Dipoena variabilis (Keyserling, 1886)
  • D. tibialis Banks, 1906 = Dipoena nigra (Emerton, 1882)

See also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Gen. Dipoena Thorell, 1869. Natural History Museum Bern. 2019. doi:10.24436/2. http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/genus/3475. Retrieved 2019-10-27. 
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Levi, H. W.; Levi, L. R. (1962). "The genera of the spider family Theridiidae". Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 127: 25. 
  3. Thorell, T. (1869). "On European spiders. Part I. Review of the European genera of spiders, preceded by some observations on zoological nomenclature". Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis 7 (3): 1–108. 

Wikidata ☰ Q1758115 entry