Biology:Parachartergus

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Parachartergus is a genus of epiponine social wasps belonging to the subfamily Polistinae.

Species

There are 17 described species of Parachartergus:

  • Parachartergus amazonensis Ducke, 1905[1]
  • Parachartergus apicalis (Fabricius, 1804) - known to form mutualistic relationships with treehoppers. The male genitalia are noted for their movements of "startling complexity".[2]
  • Parachartergus apicaloides Willink, 1959
  • Parachartergus aztecus Willink, 1959[3]
  • Parachartergus colobopterus (Lichtenstein, 1796) - unusually nests contain several queens. The species is docile, preferring to leave the nest than mount an attack.
  • Parachartergus flavofasciatus (Cameron, 1906)[3]
  • Parachartergus fraternus (Gribodo, 1892) - closely related to P. apicalis and also forms mutualistic relationships with treehoppers[4]
  • Parachartergus fulgidipennis (de Saussure, 1854)[1]
  • Parachartergus griseus (Fox, 1898)[3][5]
  • Parachartergus lenkoi Richards, 1978[3]
  • Parachartergus pacificus Cooper, 2000
  • Parachartergus pseudoapicalis Willink, 1951[6]
  • Parachartergus richardsi Willink, 1951[5]
  • Parachartergus smithii (de Saussure, 1854)[7]
  • Parachartergus tomentus Willink, 1959[3]
  • Parachartergus weyrauchi du Buysson, 1904[3]
  • Parachartergus wagneri Willink, 1959[3]
  • Parachartergus amazonensis
    Parachartergus amazonensis
  • Parachartergus apicalis
    Parachartergus apicalis
  • Parachartergus apicaloides
    Parachartergus apicaloides
  • Parachartergus colobopterus
    Parachartergus colobopterus
  • Parachartergus fraternus
    Parachartergus fraternus
  • Parachartergus fraternus nest
    Parachartergus fraternus nest
  • Parachartergus pseudapicalis
    Parachartergus pseudapicalis
  • Parachartergus smithii
    Parachartergus smithii

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Hunt, James H.; Carpenter, James M. (October 2004). "Intra-specific Nest Form Variation in Some Neotropical Swarm-founding Wasps of the Genus Parachartergus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Epiponini)". Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 77 (4): 448–456. doi:10.2317/E-26.1. 
  2. ↑ West-Eberhard, Mary Jane (1984). "13. Sexual selection, competitive communication and species-specific signals in insects". in Lewis, T.. Insect Communication. New York: Academic Press. p. 296. ISBN 0-12-447175-7. https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/18233. Retrieved 2025-05-08. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Richards, Owain Westmacott (1978). The Social Wasps of the Americas Excluding the Vespinae. British Museum (Natural History). pp. 203–213. ISBN 978-0-565-00785-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=yDwgAQAAMAAJ. 
  4. ↑ Wetterer, James K.; Wetterer, Andrea L.; Rumbaitis-del Rio, Christina; Chang, Catherine; Vega, Genevieve; Manne, Lisa L.; Aukema, Juliann; Karubian, Jordan et al. (2000). "Diel Shifts in Treehopper-Tending by Ants and Wasps in Costa Rica (Hymenoptera)". Sociobiology 36 (1): 123–131. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256979835. Retrieved 2025-05-08. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Somavilla, Alexandre; De Oliveira, Marcio Luiz (30 May 2017). "Social wasps (Vespidae: Polistinae) from Ducke Reserve, Amazonas, Brazil". Sociobiology 64 (1): 125. doi:10.13102/sociobiology.v64i1.1215. 
  6. ↑ Brito, E. L. S.; Aragão, M.; Santos, G. M. M. (16 May 2018). "Colony defensive behavior by the swarm-founding wasp Parachartergus pseudoapicalis: increase on investment predicts the intensity of nest defense". Insectes Sociaux 65 (3): 411–417. doi:10.1007/s00040-018-0627-6. 
  7. ↑ Mateus, Sidnei; Noll, Fernando Barbosa; Zucchi, Ronaldo (1997). "Morphological Caste Differences in the Neotropical Swarm-Founding Polistine Wasps: Parachartergus smithii (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)". Journal of the New York Entomological Society 105 (3/4): 129–139. 

Wikidata ☰ Q4046417 entry




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