Biology:Paranaemia

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Paranaemia is a genus of lady beetles in the subfamily Coccinellinae. There is one described species in Paranaemia, P. vittigera, the broad-striped lady beetle.[1][2][3] The broad-striped lady beetle is native to western North America.[4]

Taxonomy

First described by Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim in 1843, P. vittigera was considered within the genus Hippodamia.[5] Then in 1899, Thomas Lincoln Casey Jr. described the monobasic genus Paranaemia by contrasting P. vittigera's basally toothed claws with the bifid claws of Hippodamia specimens.[6] He named the species after its characteristic "vittae" which are the black stripes found on its elytra.

A more modern study using molecular analysis with 5 nuclear genes and 1 mitochondrial gene supports Casey's morphologically based hypothesis by placing Paranaemia in an entirely separate clade from Hippodamia.[7]

Description

Adults have an elongate, dorsoventrally flattened body that reaches a length of about 4.5-6.6 mm. They have elytra that can range from yellow to pink with three black vittae and a black head.[8][9] The pronotum matches the color of the elytra has two large triangular black spots.[9]

An adult's characteristic vittae can result in confusion with Hippodamia and Macronaemia specimens. However, they can be distinguished by their margined pronotal base.[8]

Habitat and distribution

Its habitat can range from plants near riverbanks, streams, and other wetlands to meadows, grasslands and among agricultural field crops.[10][11]

It has been recorded from Alberta to western Texas, west to British Columbia and California as well as the Mexican states of Michoacán and Guanajuato.[4][12] In addition to western North America, it has also been introduced to Hawai'i.[13]

Ecology and behavior

P. vittigera is omnivorous, feeding on plant matter as well as aphids and other soft-bodied insects.[9][10][14] However, it has been found in Mexico to be less voracious and a slower forager when compared to other nearby native lady beetle species such as Hippodamia convergens and Cycloneda sanguinea as well as invasive lady beetles like Harmonia axyridis.[14]

The adults are known to be parasitized by nematodes of the family Mermithidae and mites of the genus Coccipolipus.[12]

They are also known to show strong tendencies of monospecific aggregation.[15]

References

  1. ↑ "Paranaemia Report". https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=187032. Retrieved 2019-09-24. 
  2. ↑ "Paranaemia". https://www.gbif.org/species/1043327. Retrieved 2019-09-24. 
  3. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Species Paranaemia vittigera - Striped Lady Beetle". https://bugguide.net/node/view/40992. 
  4. ↑ taxonomy. "Taxonomy browser Taxonomy Browser (Paranaemia vittigera)". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=2018616. 
  5. ↑ Leng, Charles W (1903). "A revision of the American Coccinellidae". Journal of the New York Entomological Society 11: 35–45. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Journal_of_the_New_York_Entomological_Society_%28IA_journalofnewyork111903newy%29.pdf. 
  6. ↑ Tomaszewska, Wioletta; Escalona, Hermes E.; Hartley, Diana; Li, Jiahui; Wang, Xingmin; Li, Hao-Sen; Pang, Hong; Ślipiński, Adam et al. (2021). "Phylogeny of true ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae: Coccinellini) reveals pervasive convergent evolution and a rapid Cenozoic radiation" (in en). Systematic Entomology 46 (3): 611–631. doi:10.1111/syen.12479. ISSN 1365-3113. Bibcode: 2021SysEn..46..611T. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/syen.12479. 
  7. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Gordon, Robert D (1985). "The Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of America, north of Mexico". Journal of the New York Entomological Society 93 (1): 1–912. https://ia600502.us.archive.org/2/items/journalofnewyo9311985newy/journalofnewyo9311985newy.pdf. 
  8. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Gardiner, Mary (2015) (in en). Good Garden Bugs: Everything You Need to Know about Beneficial Predatory Insects. Quarry Books. pp. 83. ISBN 978-1-59253-909-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=YPv6CwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Paranaemia+vittigera%22&pg=PA83. 
  9. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Striped Ladybug: A Complete Paranaemia Vittigera Guide!" (in en-US). 2023-06-07. https://bantam.earth/striped-ladybug-paranaemia-vittigera/. 
  10. ↑ "Lost Ladybug Project". http://www.lostladybug.org/contributors-images-species.php?species=Paranaemia+vittigera. 
  11. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Mendoza-Arroyo, W.; del-Val, E. (2024). "Ladybird predators in natural and agricultural landscapes in Mexico: diversity and parasitism" (in en). Arthropod-Plant Interactions 18 (4): 741–751. doi:10.1007/s11829-024-10075-4. ISSN 1872-8855. Bibcode: 2024APInt.tmp...56M. 
  12. ↑ Leeper, John R. (2015). "An Annotated Checklist of the Coccinellid (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Introductions and Establishments in Hawaii: 1885 to 2015" (in en-US). EVols. http://hdl.handle.net/10524/48742. 
  13. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Camacho-Cervantes, Morelia; Mendoza-Arroyo, Wendy; Arellano-Sánchez, Daniela; del-Val, Ek (2021-11-16). "Exotic predators are not better biocontrol agents: the harlequin ladybird is not the most voracious in Mexico" (in en). PeerJ 9. doi:10.7717/peerj.12503. ISSN 2167-8359. PMID 34820207. 
  14. ↑ McMullen, R. D. (1967). "A Field Study of Diapause in Coccinella novemnotata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)" (in en). The Canadian Entomologist 99 (1): 42–49. doi:10.4039/Ent9942-1. ISSN 0008-347X. Bibcode: 1967CaEnt..99...42M. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X00057783/type/journal_article. 

Further reading

Wikidata ☰ Q18115155 entry



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