Biology:Parthenium

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Short description: Genus of shrubs

Parthenium
Starr 050423-6650 Parthenium hysterophorus.jpg
Parthenium hysterophorus
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Asteroideae
Tribe: Heliantheae
Subtribe: Ambrosiinae
Genus: Parthenium
L.
Type species
Parthenium hysterophorus[1][2]
Synonyms[3]
  • Argyrochaeta Cav.
  • Bolophyta Nutt.
  • Echetrosis Phil.
  • Hysterophorus Vaill.
  • Partheniastrum Fabr.
  • Villanova Ortega

Parthenium is a genus of North American annuals, biennials, perennials, subshrubs, and shrubs in the tribe Heliantheae within the family Asteraceae and subfamily Asteroideae.[4][2][3][5]

The name Parthenium is an evolution of the Ancient Greek name παρθένιον (parthenion), which referred to Tanacetum parthenium.[6][7][8] The name is possibly derived from the Greek word παρθένος (parthenos) which means "virgin".[5]

Members of the genus are commonly known as feverfew.[9] Notable species include guayule (P. argentatum) which has been used as a rubber substitute, especially during the Second World War;[10] and also P. hysterophorus, a serious invasive species in the Old World.[11]

Species

These include:[3]

  • Parthenium alpinum (Nutt.) Torr. & A.Gray – Arkansas River feverfew - NM CO WY
  • Parthenium argentatum A.Gray – Guayule - Texas , Coahuila, Guanajuato, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas
  • Parthenium cineraceum Rollins - Bolivia, Paraguay
  • Parthenium confertum A.Gray – Gray's feverfew - AZ NM Texas Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Querétaro, Tamaulipas
  • Parthenium fruticosum Less. - from Tamaulipas to Chiapas
  • Parthenium hysterophorus L. – Santa Maria feverfew, whitetop weed - widespread in North + South America; as an invasive species in India, Australia, and Africa
  • Parthenium incanum Kunth – mariola - NV UT AZ NM Texas Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Hidalgo, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas
  • Parthenium integrifolium L. – American feverfew, wild quinine - from Texas to Massachusetts + MN
  • Parthenium ligulatum (M.E. Jones) Barneby – Colorado feverfew - CO UT
  • Parthenium rollinsianum Rzed. - San Luis Potosí
  • Parthenium schottii Greenm. ex Millsp. & Chase - Yucatán
  • Parthenium tomentosum DC. - Oaxaca, Puebla

Importance

In North America, the Jicarilla Apache people used Parthenium incanum for medicine (Opler 1946: 8). The sap of guayule (P. argentatum) is a source of natural rubber.[12] Parthenium hysterophorus is a common invasive species in India, Australia, and parts of Africa. Its pollen can cause allergies and the sap is toxic.

Gallery

Parthenium hysterophorus in Achanakmar Tiger Reserve

References

  1. ↑ lectotype designated by N.L. Britton & A. Brown, Ill. fl. n. U.S., ed. 2. 3: 464 (1913)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Parthenium", Tropicos, Missouri Botanical Garden, http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40002147?projectid=0 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
  4. ↑ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 988 in Latin
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Strother, John L., "Parthenium", in Flora of North America Editorial Committee, Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA), New York and Oxford, http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=124104, retrieved 2011-08-09 
  6. ↑ Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1940). "A Greek-English Lexicon". A Greek-English Lexicon. Clarendon Press. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry%3Dparqe/nion. 
  7. ↑ Dioscorides, Pedanius (2000). Materia Medica. Johannesburg, South Africa: Ibidis Press. pp. 556. https://archive.org/details/Dioscorides_Materia_Medica. 
  8. ↑ Dioscorides, Pedanius (1829). Sprengel, Curtius. ed. De Materia Medica. Leipzig. pp. 484. https://books.google.com/books?id=JwAUAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA582. 
  9. ↑ "Parthenium". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=38160. Retrieved 2011-08-09. 
  10. ↑ Ray, D.T. 1993. Guayule: A source of natural rubber. p. 338-343. In: J. Janick and J.E. Simon (eds.), New crops. Wiley, New York.
  11. ↑ "Parthenium hysterophorus (herb)". Global Invasive Species Database. Invasive Species Specialist Group. 2010-10-04. http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?fr=1&si=153&sts. 
  12. ↑ Ray, Dennis T. (1993). "Guayule: A source of natural rubber". New crops (New York: Wiley): 338–343. http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/proceedings1993/v2-338.html. 
  • Everitt, J.H.; Lonard, R.L.; Little, C.R. (2007). Weeds in South Texas and Northern Mexico. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press.  ISBN:0-89672-614-2
  • Opler, Morris E. (1946). Childhood and youth in Jicarilla Apache society. Publications of the Frederick Webb Hodge Anniversary Fund (Vol. 5). Los Angeles: The Southwest Museum Administrator of the Fund.

Further information

Wikidata ☰ Q3236767 entry



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