Biology:Pectobacterium carotovorum
| Pectobacterium carotovorum | |
|---|---|
| |
| Slime flux on a Camperdown elm caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Pseudomonadota |
| Class: | Gammaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Enterobacterales |
| Family: | Pectobacteriaceae |
| Genus: | Pectobacterium |
| Species: | P. carotovorum
|
| Binomial name | |
| Pectobacterium carotovorum (Jones 1901) Waldee 1945
| |
| Subspecies | |
| |
| Synonyms | |
|
Erwinia carotovora | |
-_Bacterial_soft_rot.jpg)
Pectobacterium carotovorum is a bacterium of the family Pectobacteriaceae; it used to be a member of the genus Erwinia.[1]
The species is a plant pathogen with a diverse host range, including many agriculturally and scientifically important plant species. It produces pectolytic enzymes that hydrolyze pectin between individual plant cells. This causes the cells to separate, a disease plant pathologists term bacterial soft rot. Specifically, it causes beet vascular necrosis and blackleg of potato and other vegetables (hence the name carotovora – "carrot-eater"), as well as slime flux on many different tree species.[2] Currently, there are four described subspecies of P. carotovorum (carotovorum, brasiliense, odoriferum, and actinidiae).[3]
This bacterium is a ubiquitous plant pathogen with a wide host range (carrot, potato, tomato, leafy greens, squash and other cucurbits, onion, green peppers, African violets, etc.), able to cause disease in almost any plant tissue it invades. It is a very economically important pathogen in terms of post-harvest losses, and a common cause of decay in stored fruits and vegetables. Decay caused by P. carotovora is often referred to as "bacterial soft rot" though this may also be caused by other bacteria. Most plants or plant parts can resist invasion by the bacteria, unless some type of wound is present. High humidity and temperatures around 30 °C (86 °F) favor development of decay. The cells become highly motile near this temperature (26 °C (79 °F)) when fructose is present.[4] Mutants can be produced which are less virulent. Virulence factors include: pectinases, cellulases, (which degrade plant cell walls), and also proteases, lipases, xylanases, and nucleases (along with the normal virulence factors for pathogens – Fe acquisition, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) integrity[specify], multiple global regulatory systems).
Management
KENGAP, partners of the CABI-led programme, Plantwise have several recommendations for the management of P. carotovora including; washing hands and disinfecting tools regularly during and after harvesting, avoiding harvesting in warm and moist conditions. They also recommend frequent irrigation during head formation should be avoided to allow heads to dry and planting on ridges, raised beds or well drained soils prevents water logging around the plants.[5]
Plantwise partners also recommend thorough washing and disinfection of crates for to prevent post-harvest losses and that crop rotation with leguminous crops and cereals is practiced.[5][6]
Gas sensors can be used to detect the pathogen in storage.[7] Specifically metal-oxide-semiconductor-, electrochemical-, photoionization-, and nondispersive infrared- sensors are known to be useful.[7] These are all tested, found to be usable, and calibrations provided in Rutolo et al. 2018.[7]
Sources
This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC-BY-SA License statement: Plantwise Factsheets for Farmers: Bacterial Soft Rot on Brassica', KENGAP Horticulture, Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International (CABI) + Plantwise. To learn how to add open license text to HandWiki articles, please see this how-to page. For information on reusing text from HandWiki, please see the terms of use.
This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC-BY-SA License statement: PMDG: Bacterial soft rot on cabbage, Jonathan M. Gekone (MOALF), Stephen Koech (KALRO) and Miriam Otipa (KALRO), Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International (CABI) + Plantwise. To learn how to add open license text to HandWiki articles, please see this how-to page. For information on reusing text from HandWiki, please see the terms of use.
References
- ↑ Toth, Ian; Bell, Kenneth; Holeva, Maria; Birch, Paul (2003). "Soft rot erwiniae: from genes to genomes" (in en). Molecular Plant Pathology (Blackwell Publishing Ltd.) 4 (1): 17–30. doi:10.1046/j.1364-3703.2003.00149.x. British Society for Plant Pathology (BSPP). ISSN 1364-3703. PMID 20569359.
- ↑ Toth, Ian K.; Bell, Kenneth S.; Holeva, Maria C.; Birch, Paul R. J. (1 January 2003). "Soft rot erwiniae: from genes to genomes". Molecular Plant Pathology 4 (1): 17–30. doi:10.1046/j.1364-3703.2003.00149.x. PMID 20569359.
- ↑ This review... Zeng, Yuan; Charkowski, Amy (2021). "The Role of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters in Bacterial Phytopathogenesis". Phytopathology (American Phytopathological Society (APS)) 111 (4): 600–610. doi:10.1094/phyto-06-20-0212-rvw. ISSN 0031-949X. ...cite this study: Li, Lei; Yuan, Lifang; Shi, Yanxia; Xie, Xuewen; Chai, Ali; Wang, Qi; Li, Baoju (2019). "Comparative genomic analysis of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense SX309 provides novel insights into its genetic and phenotypic features" (in en). BMC Genomics (BMC) 20 (1): 486. doi:10.1186/s12864-019-5831-x. S2CID:189763708. ISSN 1471-2164. PMID 31195968.
- ↑ Aizawa, Shin-Ichi (2014). "Pectobacterium carotovorum — Subpolar Hyper-Flagellation". The Flagellar World. Elsevier. pp. 58–59. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-417234-0.00018-9. ISBN 9780124172340.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Bacterial Soft Rot on Brassica". Plantwise Knowledge Bank. https://www.plantwise.org/KnowledgeBank/factsheetforfarmers/20137804284.
- ↑ "Bacterial soft rot on cabbage". Plantwise Knowledge Bank. https://www.plantwise.org/KnowledgeBank/pmdg/20167800615.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2
- These reviews ...
Slovene pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Thai pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Neukirch, Jürgen; Schmidt, Alexander; Wingberg, Kay (2000), Cohomology of Number Fields, Grundlehren der Mathematischen Wissenschaften, 323, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, ISBN 978-3-540-66671-4Template:Scribunto/helperPersian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
This page may be too long to read and navigate comfortably.! rowspan="3" colspan="2" width="14%" style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;" | Date/Time (UTC) ! Configuration ! Serial number ! Launch site ! Outcome |-
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#e3e9e9;" | Payload |style="text-align:center;background-color:#e3e9e9;" | Separation orbit |style="text-align:center;background-color:#e3e9e9;" | Operator |style="text-align:center;background-color:#e3e9e9;" | Function |- | colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#e4dfdf;border-bottom:2px solid grey;" | Remarks |-
Parameter 1=time required!Hawaiian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]German pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Dutch pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Belarusian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Catalan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]{{{1}}}Mongolian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Javanese pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]
This template does not display in the mobile view of Wikipedia; it is desktop only. See Template:Navbox visibility for a brief explanation. This is a navigational template created using {{navbox}}. It can be transcluded on pages by placing
{{Pectobacterium carotovorum}}below the standard article appendices.Initial visibility
This template's initial visibility currently defaults to
autocollapse, meaning that if there is another collapsible item on the page (a navbox, sidebar, or table with the collapsible attribute), it is hidden apart from its title bar; if not, it is fully visible.To change this template's initial visibility, the
|state=parameter may be used:{{Pectobacterium carotovorum|state=collapsed}}will show the template collapsed, i.e. hidden apart from its title bar.{{Pectobacterium carotovorum|state=expanded}}will show the template expanded, i.e. fully visible.
Templates using the classes
class=navbox({{navbox}}) orclass=nomobile({{sidebar}}) are not displayed in article space on the mobile web site of English Wikipedia. Mobile page views accounted for 60% to 70% of all page views from 2020 through 2025. Briefly, these templates are not included in articles because 1) they are not well designed for mobile, and 2) they significantly increase page sizes—bad for mobile downloads—in a way that is not useful for the mobile use case. You can review/watch phab:T124168 for further discussion.TemplateData
A navigational box that can be placed at the bottom of articles.
Template parameters[Edit template data]
Parameter Description Type Status State stateThe initial visibility of the navbox
- Suggested values
collapsedexpandedautocollapse
String suggested Template transclusions
Transclusion maintenance Check completeness of transclusions 
Not doneLatin pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]
| rowspan="1" colspan="2" style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;" |
| style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;" | | style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;" | | style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;" | | style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;" |
|-
|-
Vietnamese pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Piedmontese pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Slovak pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]text-align: auto;Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "{"./Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "{". (age Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "{".–Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "{".)Occitan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | VariesHejazi pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Spanish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Portuguese pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Irish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Mayan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Nahuatl pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Kyrgyz pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Ukrainian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Burmese pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Hindi pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]-4500 —–-4000 —–-3500 —–-3000 —–-2500 —–-2000 —–-1500 —–-1000 —–-500 —–0 —
Done
To doRussian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Greek pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]
Danish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Northern Sami pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Mandarin pronunciation: [{{{ipa}}}]Cantonese pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Entry from Pectobacterium carotovorum from TCI Europe, retrieved on {{{Date}}}Chambers, Robert; Thomson, Thomas Napier (1857). "[[s:A biographical dictionary of eminent Scotsmen/|]]". A Biographical Dictionary of Eminent Scotsmen. Glasgow: Blackie and Son.{{{1}}}Polish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Malagasy pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Japanese pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Armenian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Czech pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]∶Manx pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/full/{{{1}}}/0 Alemannic German pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Tagalog pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]French pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Error: Invalid time.This template does not display in the mobile view of Wikipedia; it is desktop only. See Template:Navbox visibility for a brief explanation. This is a navigational template created using {{navbox}}. It can be transcluded on pages by placing
{{Pectobacterium carotovorum}}below the standard article appendices.Initial visibility
This template's initial visibility currently defaults to
autocollapse, meaning that if there is another collapsible item on the page (a navbox, sidebar, or table with the collapsible attribute), it is hidden apart from its title bar; if not, it is fully visible.To change this template's initial visibility, the
|state=parameter may be used:{{Pectobacterium carotovorum|state=collapsed}}will show the template collapsed, i.e. hidden apart from its title bar.{{Pectobacterium carotovorum|state=expanded}}will show the template expanded, i.e. fully visible.
Templates using the classes
class=navbox({{navbox}}) orclass=nomobile({{sidebar}}) are not displayed in article space on the mobile web site of English Wikipedia. Mobile page views accounted for 60% to 70% of all page views from 2020 through 2025. Briefly, these templates are not included in articles because 1) they are not well designed for mobile, and 2) they significantly increase page sizes—bad for mobile downloads—in a way that is not useful for the mobile use case. You can review/watch phab:T124168 for further discussion.TemplateData
A navigational box that can be placed at the bottom of articles.
Template parameters[Edit template data]
Parameter Description Type Status State stateThe initial visibility of the navbox
- Suggested values
collapsedexpandedautocollapse
String suggested 
In progressPalomares, M. L. D. and Pauly, D., eds. (2011). "{{{1}}} {{{2}}}" in SeaLifeBase. April 2011 version.Turkish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Finnish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2006). "{{{1}}} {{{2}}}" in FishBase. April 2006 version.
|- | ... | — | — | — | — | — | —
|-Old Norse pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Salish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Basque pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]{{{1}}}data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | UnreleasedNorwegian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}] (aged {{{4}}})Hungarian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Quechua pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Arabic pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Punjabi pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Afrikaans pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Romanian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Hebrew pronunciation: [{{{1}}}][INVALID OR MISSING PARAMETER IN TEMPLATE Pectobacterium carotovorum]Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Tamil pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Hindustani pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Swedish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Kazakh pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Lao pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Tibetan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Khmer pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]data-sort-value="" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center" class="table-na" | —{{{1}}}Welsh pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]
Partially doneAthabaskan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Māori pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]IPA: [{{{1}}}]Bulgarian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Korean pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Icelandic pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Sanskrit pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Bengali pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Indonesian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Serbo-Croatian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]CROSBI {{{1}}} Saleh, Tawfik; Fadillah, Ganjar; Saputra, Ozi (2019). "Nanoparticles as components of electrochemical sensing platforms for the detection of petroleum pollutants: A review" (in en). TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry (Elsevier BV) 118: 194–206. doi:10.1016/j.trac.2019.05.045. ISSN 0165-9936.
Slovene pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Thai pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Neukirch, Jürgen; Schmidt, Alexander; Wingberg, Kay (2000), Cohomology of Number Fields, Grundlehren der Mathematischen Wissenschaften, 323, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, ISBN 978-3-540-66671-4Template:Scribunto/helperPersian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]{| class="wikitable" width="100%"This page may be too long to read and navigate comfortably.! rowspan="3" colspan="2" width="14%" style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;" | Date/Time (UTC) ! Configuration ! Serial number ! Launch site ! Outcome |-
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#e3e9e9;" | Payload |style="text-align:center;background-color:#e3e9e9;" | Separation orbit |style="text-align:center;background-color:#e3e9e9;" | Operator |style="text-align:center;background-color:#e3e9e9;" | Function |- | colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#e4dfdf;border-bottom:2px solid grey;" | Remarks |-
Parameter 1=time required!Hawaiian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]German pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Dutch pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Belarusian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Catalan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]{{{1}}}Mongolian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Javanese pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]This template does not display in the mobile view of Wikipedia; it is desktop only. See Template:Navbox visibility for a brief explanation. This is a navigational template created using {{navbox}}. It can be transcluded on pages by placing
{{Pectobacterium carotovorum}}below the standard article appendices.Initial visibility
This template's initial visibility currently defaults to
autocollapse, meaning that if there is another collapsible item on the page (a navbox, sidebar, or table with the collapsible attribute), it is hidden apart from its title bar; if not, it is fully visible.To change this template's initial visibility, the
|state=parameter may be used:{{Pectobacterium carotovorum|state=collapsed}}will show the template collapsed, i.e. hidden apart from its title bar.{{Pectobacterium carotovorum|state=expanded}}will show the template expanded, i.e. fully visible.
Templates using the classes
class=navbox({{navbox}}) orclass=nomobile({{sidebar}}) are not displayed in article space on the mobile web site of English Wikipedia. Mobile page views accounted for 60% to 70% of all page views from 2020 through 2025. Briefly, these templates are not included in articles because 1) they are not well designed for mobile, and 2) they significantly increase page sizes—bad for mobile downloads—in a way that is not useful for the mobile use case. You can review/watch phab:T124168 for further discussion.TemplateData
A navigational box that can be placed at the bottom of articles.
Template parameters[Edit template data]
Parameter Description Type Status State stateThe initial visibility of the navbox
- Suggested values
collapsedexpandedautocollapse
String suggested Template transclusions
Transclusion maintenance Check completeness of transclusions Not doneLatin pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]
| rowspan="1" colspan="2" style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;" |
| style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;" | | style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;" | | style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;" | | style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;" |
|-
|-
Vietnamese pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Piedmontese pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Slovak pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]text-align: auto;Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "{"./Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "{". (age Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "{".–Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "{".)Occitan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | VariesHejazi pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Spanish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Portuguese pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Irish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Mayan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Nahuatl pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Kyrgyz pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Ukrainian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Burmese pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Hindi pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]-4500 —–-4000 —–-3500 —–-3000 —–-2500 —–-2000 —–-1500 —–-1000 —–-500 —–0 — Done To doRussian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Greek pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Danish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Northern Sami pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Mandarin pronunciation: [{{{ipa}}}]Cantonese pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Entry from Pectobacterium carotovorum from TCI Europe, retrieved on {{{Date}}}Chambers, Robert; Thomson, Thomas Napier (1857). "[[s:A biographical dictionary of eminent Scotsmen/|]]". A Biographical Dictionary of Eminent Scotsmen. Glasgow: Blackie and Son.{{{1}}}Polish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Malagasy pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Japanese pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Armenian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Czech pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]∶Manx pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/full/{{{1}}}/0 Alemannic German pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Tagalog pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]French pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Error: Invalid time.This template does not display in the mobile view of Wikipedia; it is desktop only. See Template:Navbox visibility for a brief explanation. This is a navigational template created using {{navbox}}. It can be transcluded on pages by placing
{{Pectobacterium carotovorum}}below the standard article appendices.Initial visibility
This template's initial visibility currently defaults to
autocollapse, meaning that if there is another collapsible item on the page (a navbox, sidebar, or table with the collapsible attribute), it is hidden apart from its title bar; if not, it is fully visible.To change this template's initial visibility, the
|state=parameter may be used:{{Pectobacterium carotovorum|state=collapsed}}will show the template collapsed, i.e. hidden apart from its title bar.{{Pectobacterium carotovorum|state=expanded}}will show the template expanded, i.e. fully visible.
Templates using the classes
class=navbox({{navbox}}) orclass=nomobile({{sidebar}}) are not displayed in article space on the mobile web site of English Wikipedia. Mobile page views accounted for 60% to 70% of all page views from 2020 through 2025. Briefly, these templates are not included in articles because 1) they are not well designed for mobile, and 2) they significantly increase page sizes—bad for mobile downloads—in a way that is not useful for the mobile use case. You can review/watch phab:T124168 for further discussion.TemplateData
A navigational box that can be placed at the bottom of articles.
Template parameters[Edit template data]
Parameter Description Type Status State stateThe initial visibility of the navbox
- Suggested values
collapsedexpandedautocollapse
String suggested In progressPalomares, M. L. D. and Pauly, D., eds. (2011). "{{{1}}} {{{2}}}" in SeaLifeBase. April 2011 version.Turkish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Finnish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2006). "{{{1}}} {{{2}}}" in FishBase. April 2006 version.
|- | ... | — | — | — | — | — | —
|-Old Norse pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Salish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Basque pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]{{{1}}}data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | UnreleasedNorwegian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}] (aged {{{4}}})Hungarian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Quechua pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Arabic pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Punjabi pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Afrikaans pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Romanian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Hebrew pronunciation: [{{{1}}}][INVALID OR MISSING PARAMETER IN TEMPLATE Pectobacterium carotovorum]Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Tamil pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Hindustani pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Swedish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Kazakh pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Lao pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Tibetan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Khmer pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]data-sort-value="" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center" class="table-na" | —{{{1}}}Welsh pronunciation: [{{{1}}}] Partially doneAthabaskan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Māori pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]IPA: [{{{1}}}]Bulgarian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Korean pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Icelandic pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Sanskrit pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Bengali pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Indonesian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Serbo-Croatian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]CROSBI {{{1}}} Oerke, Erich (2020). "Remote Sensing of Diseases" (in en). Annual Review of Phytopathology (Annual Reviews) 58 (1): 225–252. doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-010820-012832. ISSN 0066-4286.- ...cite this study:
Slovene pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Thai pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Neukirch, Jürgen; Schmidt, Alexander; Wingberg, Kay (2000), Cohomology of Number Fields, Grundlehren der Mathematischen Wissenschaften, 323, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, ISBN 978-3-540-66671-4Template:Scribunto/helperPersian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]{| class="wikitable" width="100%"This page may be too long to read and navigate comfortably.! rowspan="3" colspan="2" width="14%" style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;" | Date/Time (UTC) ! Configuration ! Serial number ! Launch site ! Outcome |-
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#e3e9e9;" | Payload |style="text-align:center;background-color:#e3e9e9;" | Separation orbit |style="text-align:center;background-color:#e3e9e9;" | Operator |style="text-align:center;background-color:#e3e9e9;" | Function |- | colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#e4dfdf;border-bottom:2px solid grey;" | Remarks |-
Parameter 1=time required!Hawaiian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]German pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Dutch pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Belarusian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Catalan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]{{{1}}}Mongolian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Javanese pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]This template does not display in the mobile view of Wikipedia; it is desktop only. See Template:Navbox visibility for a brief explanation. This is a navigational template created using {{navbox}}. It can be transcluded on pages by placing
{{Pectobacterium carotovorum}}below the standard article appendices.Initial visibility
This template's initial visibility currently defaults to
autocollapse, meaning that if there is another collapsible item on the page (a navbox, sidebar, or table with the collapsible attribute), it is hidden apart from its title bar; if not, it is fully visible.To change this template's initial visibility, the
|state=parameter may be used:{{Pectobacterium carotovorum|state=collapsed}}will show the template collapsed, i.e. hidden apart from its title bar.{{Pectobacterium carotovorum|state=expanded}}will show the template expanded, i.e. fully visible.
Templates using the classes
class=navbox({{navbox}}) orclass=nomobile({{sidebar}}) are not displayed in article space on the mobile web site of English Wikipedia. Mobile page views accounted for 60% to 70% of all page views from 2020 through 2025. Briefly, these templates are not included in articles because 1) they are not well designed for mobile, and 2) they significantly increase page sizes—bad for mobile downloads—in a way that is not useful for the mobile use case. You can review/watch phab:T124168 for further discussion.TemplateData
A navigational box that can be placed at the bottom of articles.
Template parameters[Edit template data]
Parameter Description Type Status State stateThe initial visibility of the navbox
- Suggested values
collapsedexpandedautocollapse
String suggested Template transclusions
Transclusion maintenance Check completeness of transclusions Not doneLatin pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]
| rowspan="1" colspan="2" style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;" |
| style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;" | | style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;" | | style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;" | | style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;" |
|-
|-
Vietnamese pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Piedmontese pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Slovak pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]text-align: auto;Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "{"./Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "{". (age Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "{".–Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "{".)Occitan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | VariesHejazi pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Spanish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Portuguese pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Irish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Mayan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Nahuatl pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Kyrgyz pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Ukrainian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Burmese pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Hindi pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]-4500 —–-4000 —–-3500 —–-3000 —–-2500 —–-2000 —–-1500 —–-1000 —–-500 —–0 — Done To doRussian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Greek pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Danish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Northern Sami pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Mandarin pronunciation: [{{{ipa}}}]Cantonese pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Entry from Pectobacterium carotovorum from TCI Europe, retrieved on {{{Date}}}Chambers, Robert; Thomson, Thomas Napier (1857). "[[s:A biographical dictionary of eminent Scotsmen/|]]". A Biographical Dictionary of Eminent Scotsmen. Glasgow: Blackie and Son.{{{1}}}Polish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Malagasy pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Japanese pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Armenian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Czech pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]∶Manx pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/full/{{{1}}}/0 Alemannic German pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Tagalog pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]French pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Error: Invalid time.This template does not display in the mobile view of Wikipedia; it is desktop only. See Template:Navbox visibility for a brief explanation. This is a navigational template created using {{navbox}}. It can be transcluded on pages by placing
{{Pectobacterium carotovorum}}below the standard article appendices.Initial visibility
This template's initial visibility currently defaults to
autocollapse, meaning that if there is another collapsible item on the page (a navbox, sidebar, or table with the collapsible attribute), it is hidden apart from its title bar; if not, it is fully visible.To change this template's initial visibility, the
|state=parameter may be used:{{Pectobacterium carotovorum|state=collapsed}}will show the template collapsed, i.e. hidden apart from its title bar.{{Pectobacterium carotovorum|state=expanded}}will show the template expanded, i.e. fully visible.
Templates using the classes
class=navbox({{navbox}}) orclass=nomobile({{sidebar}}) are not displayed in article space on the mobile web site of English Wikipedia. Mobile page views accounted for 60% to 70% of all page views from 2020 through 2025. Briefly, these templates are not included in articles because 1) they are not well designed for mobile, and 2) they significantly increase page sizes—bad for mobile downloads—in a way that is not useful for the mobile use case. You can review/watch phab:T124168 for further discussion.TemplateData
A navigational box that can be placed at the bottom of articles.
Template parameters[Edit template data]
Parameter Description Type Status State stateThe initial visibility of the navbox
- Suggested values
collapsedexpandedautocollapse
String suggested In progressPalomares, M. L. D. and Pauly, D., eds. (2011). "{{{1}}} {{{2}}}" in SeaLifeBase. April 2011 version.Turkish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Finnish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2006). "{{{1}}} {{{2}}}" in FishBase. April 2006 version.
|- | ... | — | — | — | — | — | —
|-Old Norse pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Salish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Basque pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]{{{1}}}data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | UnreleasedNorwegian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}] (aged {{{4}}})Hungarian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Quechua pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Arabic pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Punjabi pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Afrikaans pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Romanian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Hebrew pronunciation: [{{{1}}}][INVALID OR MISSING PARAMETER IN TEMPLATE Pectobacterium carotovorum]Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Tamil pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Hindustani pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Swedish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Kazakh pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Lao pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Tibetan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Khmer pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]data-sort-value="" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center" class="table-na" | —{{{1}}}Welsh pronunciation: [{{{1}}}] Partially doneAthabaskan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Māori pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]IPA: [{{{1}}}]Bulgarian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Korean pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Icelandic pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Sanskrit pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Bengali pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Indonesian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Serbo-Croatian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]CROSBI {{{1}}} Rutolo, Massimo; Clarkson, John; Harper, Glyn; Covington, James (2018). "The use of gas phase detection and monitoring of potato soft rot infection in store" (in en). Postharvest Biology and Technology (Elsevier BV) 145: 15–19. doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2018.05.016. JAC Entry at ORCID. ISSN 0925-5214.
Further reading
- Czajkowski, R.; Pérombelon, M.C.M.; Jafra, S.; Lojkowska, E.; Potrykus, M.; van der Wolf, J.M.; Sledz, W. (2014-10-27). "Detection, identification and differentiation of Pectobacterium and Dickeya species causing potato blackleg and tuber soft rot: a review". Annals of Applied Biology (John Wiley & Sons Ltd) 166 (1): 18–38. doi:10.1111/aab.12166. Association of Applied Biologists. ISSN 0003-4746. PMID 25684775.
- Which cites this study:
- Waleron, M; Waleron, K; Lojkowska, E (2014). "Characterization of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. odoriferum causing soft rot of stored vegetables". European Journal of Plant Pathology 139 (4 March 2014): 457–469. doi:10.1007/s10658-014-0403-z. S2CID:254466686.
External links
- Type strain of Pectobacterium carotovorum at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
Wikidata ☰ Q164586 entry
 |
