Biology:Pholcus

From HandWiki

Pholcus is a large genus of spiders of long-bodied cellar spider and allies in the family Pholcidae.[1]

It includes the cellar spider P. phalangioides, often called the "daddy longlegs".[2] This may cause confusion because the name "daddy longlegs" is also applied to two other unrelated arthropods: the harvestman and the crane fly.

Description

Pholcus, like Pholcidae in general, have extremely long and thin legs.[3] The genus can be distinguished from other pholcid genera by its large size (body length >4 mm), eight eyes, evenly domed prosoma (lacking a median furrow or pit) and cylindrical opisthosoma (longer than it is high).[4]

Habitat

In the wild, Pholcus live in environments such as caves, under rocks, forest shrubs and deep limestone cracks. Synanthropic species such as P. phalangioides live in and around buildings and other disturbed habitats.[5]

Species

As of October 2025, this genus includes 432 species.[1]

These species have pages on Wikipedia:

  • Pholcus abstrusus Yao & Li, 2012 – China
  • Pholcus alticeps Spassky, 1932 – Germany to Ukraine, Russia (Europe to West Siberia), Caucasus, Iran, Tadjikistan
  • Pholcus ancoralis L. Koch, 1865 – Ryukyu Is. to Hawaii, New Caledonia, French Polynesia
  • Pholcus crypticolens Bösenberg & Strand, 1906Japan
  • Pholcus fragillimus Strand, 1907 – Sri Lanka, India to Japan
  • Pholcus kwanaksanensis Namkung & Kim, 1990Korea
  • Pholcus manueli Gertsch, 1937 – Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Russia (Far East), China, Korea, Japan. Introduced to United States
  • Pholcus nagasakiensis Strand, 1918 – Japan
  • Pholcus opilionoides (Schrank, 1781) – Europe, Caucasus, Egypt. Introduced to Canada, United States
  • Pholcus persicus Senglet, 1974 – Iran
  • Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin, 1775) – Western Asia. Introduced to both Americas, Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and numerous islands (type species)
  • Pholcus ponticus Thorell, 1875 – Romania, Bulgaria to China
  • Pholcus velitchkovskyi Kulczyński, 1913 – Ukraine, Russia (Europe, Central Asia), Iran

Identification resources

References

Wikidata ☰ Q140595 entry