Biology:Phymatosorus scolopendria
| Phymatosorus scolopendria | |
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| Genus: | Phymatosorus
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| Species: | Phymatosorus scolopendria
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| Phymatosorus scolopendria (Burm. f.) Pic. Serm.
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Phymatosorus scolopendria[2] commonly called monarch fern, musk fern, maile-scented fern, breadfruit fern, or wart fern is a species of fern[3] within the family Polypodiaceae. This fern grows in the wild in the Western Pacific rim from Australia to New Caledonia to Fiji and throughout the South Pacific to French Polynesia.
It was introduced in Hawaii in the late 1910s and has subsequently naturalized rapidly. It is found on all main islands.[4] Its Hawaiian name lauaʻe[5][6] is thought to have originally referred to the native fern Microsorum spectrum.[7]
The scientific name P. scolopendria has been misapplied to Microsorum grossum.[8]
Uses
When crushed, the fern issues a scent similar to maile.[9] Sometimes, pieces of the fern are interlaced in leis made of strung-up keys (individual drupes) of the pandanus fruit.[9][6] It is also one of the plants used for scenting kapa fabric.[10][11]
Folkore
Expanses of the fern famously grows in Makana on Kauaʻi, and is commemorated in song.[12][11]
External sources
- Gustafson, Robert, 1939- Hawaiian plant life : vegetation and flora Honolulu : University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2014. ISBN:9780824837105
- Valier, Kathy, 1953- Ferns of Hawai`i Honolulu : University of Hawaii Press, 1995 ISBN:0824816404
- http://digicoll.manoa.hawaii.edu/hawaiiflowers/Pages/viewtext.php?s=browse&tid=252 Plants for Hawaiian lei: Laua'e
References
- Citations
- ↑ "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/tro-26605582. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ↑ "Maile-Scented Fern". http://kms.kapalama.ksbe.edu/projects/2003/plants/lauaefern/. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
- ↑ "Microsorum scolopendria". http://ntbg.org/plants/plant_details.php?plantid=8853. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
- ↑ Palmer, Daniel D. (Daniel Dooley) (2003). Hawaiʻi's ferns and fern allies. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press. ISBN 9780824833473. http://ntbg.org/plants/plant_details.php?plantid=8853.
- ↑ Mary Kawena Pukui and Samuel Hoyt Elbert (2003). "lookup of Lauaʻe". in Hawaiian Dictionary. Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library, University of Hawaii Press. http://wehewehe.org/gsdl2.85/cgi-bin/hdict?a=q&j=pk&l=en&q=Laua%CA%BBe&a=d&d=D10468.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Pukui, Mary Kawena; Elbert, Samuel H. (1986). "lauaʻe, lauwaʻe". Hawaiian Dictionary. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. https://books.google.com/books?id=bHdRhjL9Y9EC&pg=PA194.
- ↑ Abbott, Isabella Aiona (1992). Gateway State: Hawai‘i and the Cultural Transformation of American Empire. Bishop Museum Press. pp. 127, 145. ISBN 0-93089-762-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=SegMAQAAMAAJ.
- ↑ "Phymatosorus grossus – Musk Fern". http://wildlifeofhawaii.com/flowers/861/phymatosorus-grossus-musk-fern/. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Abbott, Isabella Aiona (1992). Gateway State: Hawai‘i and the Cultural Transformation of American Empire. Bishop Museum Press. pp. 127, 145. ISBN 0-93089-762-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=SegMAQAAMAAJ.
- ↑ Abbott 1992, p. 58.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Bishop Museum (2019) "[1]", Hawaiian Ethnobotany Online Database]
- ↑ Pukui 1983, pp. 166, 210.
- Bibliography
- Pukui, Mary Kawena (1983). He Mau Kaʻao Hawaii: Folktales of Hawaiʻi. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press. https://books.google.com/books?id=8LC0AAAAIAAJ.
- Abbott, Isabella Aiona (1992). Gateway State: Hawai‘i and the Cultural Transformation of American Empire. Bishop Museum Press. ISBN 0-93089-762-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=SegMAQAAMAAJ.
Wikidata ☰ Q3027867 entry
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