Biology:Pilea microphylla
| Artillery plant | |
|---|---|
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| Pilea Microphylla in Maui, Hawaii | |
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| Pilea microphylla in French Guiana | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Urticaceae |
| Genus: | Pilea |
| Species: | P. microphylla
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| Binomial name | |
| Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm.
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Pilea microphylla, also known as angeloweed,[1] artillery plant, joypowder plant, lace plant,[2][3] is an annual plant native to Florida, Mexico, the West Indies, and tropical Central and Southern America.[4][5] In Guadeloupe and Martinique the local name is ti-teigne or teigne,[6][3] and in Latin America it is brilhantina.[7] In the southern part of México, specifically in the Yucatán peninsula, the local name is frescura.[8] The plant belongs to the family Urticaceae.[9] It has light green, almost succulent, stems and tiny leaves. It is grown as a ground cover in many areas.
Description
Pilea microphylla is an annual or short-lived perennial. It grows low or creeping on the ground. It is monoecious (with both male and female flowers in a single plant) with smooth, translucent light-green, succulent-like and highly-branching stems. The leaves are oval-shaped, narrowing to a point at the tips, with a short petiole. They are tiny, averaging at 1.5 to 6 millimetres (0.059 to 0.236 in) long, and 2 to 5 millimetres (0.079 to 0.197 in) wide. The leaves grow in asymmetric pairs, with one leaf smaller than the other. Almost all leaves have three primary veins originating from the base. The whitish to greenish flowers are also tiny, averaging at 3 to 4 millimetres (0.12 to 0.16 in), with male flowers being larger than female flowers. It flowers year-round.[10]
The common names of the plant (like "artillery plant", "joypowder plant", or "gunpowder plant") comes from the fact that the stamens of the male flowers explosively eject pollen grains during anthesis. This is due to the sudden straightening of the stamens.[10][11]
Propagation
Pilea microphylla can be propagated by dividing the root ball, or taking herbaceous cuttings and rooting them with rooting hormone. The plant enjoys a thorough watering after the soil has been allowed to dry, and misting has been shown to be beneficial. Direct sunlight causes the leaves to turn brown and fall off, so it prefers filtered light.
Invasive species
Pilea microphylla has been introduced to various tropical and subtropical regions around the world. It is considered an invasive species in Australia, China, Diego Garcia, the Galapagos Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Hawaii, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Pitcairn Islands, Singapore, the Solomon Islands, Tonga, and Wallis and Futuna.[5]
Synonyms
- Pilea microphylla var. trianthemoides is a synonym of Pilea trianthemoides
References
- ↑ "Pilea microphylla". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PIMI2. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
- ↑ "Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science" (in en). http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1162156-2.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Honychurch, Penelope N. (1994) (in en). Caribbean Wild Plants and Their Uses. MacMillan Press. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Caribbean_Wild_Plants_and_Their_Uses/uJPDngEACAAJ?hl=en.
- ↑ "Pilea Microphylla". Conabio. http://www.conabio.gob.mx/malezasdemexico/urticaceae/pilea-microphylla/fichas/ficha.htm#2.%20Origen%20y%20distribuci%C3%B3n%20geogr%C3%A1fica. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Pilea microphylla". Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER). 22 July 2010. http://www.hear.org/pier/species/pilea_microphylla.htm. Retrieved 2 January 2017.
- ↑ "Sysbio, Base de données de systématique - Pilea microphylla (Piléa à petites feuilles)". http://sysbio.univ-lille1.fr/fiche/microphylla.
- ↑ "Brilhantina – Pilea microphylla". Jardineiro. http://www.jardineiro.net/plantas/brilhantina-pilea-microphylla.html. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
- ↑ Standley, Paul Carpenter (1930) (in en). Flora of Yucatan. Field Museum of Natural History. ISBN 978-0-598-64087-1. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Flora_of_Yucatan/x1hgAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22frescura%22+mexico+Pilea+microphylla&pg=PA248&printsec=frontcover.
- ↑ "Pilea microphylla Brilhantina, Folha-gorda, Planta-artilheira, Beldoega.". Paisajismo y Jardín. http://www.paisajismoyjardin.com/ES/item.aspx?id=100117-Pilea-microphylla. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Du Puy, D.J.; Messina, A.; Kodela, P.G.. "Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm.". https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Pilea%20microphylla.
- ↑ Saha, Debalina; Marble, Chris; Steed, Shawn; Boyd, Nathan. "Biology and Management of Pilea microphylla (Artillery Weed) in Ornamental Crop Production". University of Florida. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/EP535.
Wikidata ☰ Q3023762 entry
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