Biology:Platostoma
Platostoma is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae, first described as a genus in 1818. It is native to tropical parts of Africa, southern Asia, Papuasia, and Australia.[1] Mesona[2][3] and Acrocephalus has been known as its synonyms.
A widely consumed species in this genus is Platostoma palustre (synonyms Mesona chinensis, M. elegans, and M. procumbens),[4] or xiancao (仙草) in Mandarin, sian-chháu (仙草) in Taiwanese, leung fun cho (涼粉草) in Cantonese, sương sáo in Vietnamese, and cincau in Indonesian and Malay. It is eaten as a snack in drinks, or set as a gel and served as a grass jelly.
In Indonesia the Platostoma palustre leaf is used to make a black jelly; there is also an instant powder variety available.
Description
Annual or perennial herbs with stems arising from a taproot, slender rhizome, or small woody rootstock; stems usually annual. Upper leaves and bracts often basally pale or coloured.[5]
Inflorescence lax or condensed, with verticils of opposite cymes, the cymes usually bearing more than three flowers. Calyx round in cross-section; posterior lip 1- or 3-lobed, the posterior lobe decurrent or not; anterior lip 1–5-lobed. Corolla curved, dorsally gibbous or spurred; posterior lip 3- or 4-lobed and ascending, anterior lobe horizontal. Stamens four, declinate or spreading, with filaments basally swollen or bearing a flattened basal appendage, often pubescent. Style bifid.[5]
Nutlets minutely striate or reticulate, apically pubescent or glabrous.[5]
Taxonomy
The genus is divided into three subgenera and several sections.[5]
Subgenus Acrocephalus
Fruiting calyx throat open; posterior lobe rounded or shallowly emarginate, decurrent or not. Calyx lobes arranged as either a single posterior lobe with four anterior lobes, or three posterior lobes with two anterior lobes. Corolla dorsally gibbous. Stamens declinate; posterior filament attached near the midpoint of the corolla tube, inappendiculate.[5]
Section Acrocephalus
Nutlets apically glabrous.[5]
- Platostoma tenellum Platostoma axillaris
- Platostoma hispidum (L.) A.J. Paton
- (Mukerjee) A.J. Paton (Benth.) A.J. Paton
- Platostoma elongatum Platostoma palniense
- (Benth.) A.J. Paton (Benth.) A.J. Paton & Hedge
- Platostoma verbenifolium (Mukerjee) A.J. Paton
- (L.) A.J. Paton Platostoma menthoides
Section Heterodonta
Nutlets apically pubescent or tuberculate.[5]
- Platostoma glomerulatum Platostoma laxiflorum
- Platostoma hildebrandtii Platostoma coloratum
- (D. Don) A.J. Paton (Murata) A.J. Paton
- (Vatke) A.J. Paton & Hedge A.J. Paton & Hedge
- Platostoma madagascariense Platostoma lanceolatum
- (Benth.) A.J. Paton & Hedge A.J. Paton & Hedge
- Platostoma siamense (Chermsir ex Murata) A.J. Paton
- A.J. Paton & Hedge Platostoma fastigiatum
Subgenus Octomeron
Fruiting calyx throat open. Posterior lobe rounded, shortly decurrent; lateral lobes closer to the posterior lobe than to the five lobes of the anterior lip, forming a 3-lobed posterior lip and a 5-lobed anterior lip. Corolla dorsally gibbous. Stamens declinate; posterior filament attached near the midpoint of the corolla tube, without appendages. Nutlets glabrous.[5]
- Platostoma montanum (Robyns) A.J. Paton
Subgenus Platostoma
Fruiting calyx throat closed. Posterior lobe acute, rounded or emarginate, decurrent or not. Lateral lobes usually close to the posterior lobe, forming a 3-lobed posterior lip and a 1-lobed anterior lip; less often midway between posterior and fused median anterior lobes or much reduced. Corolla dorsally gibbous or spurred. Stamens declinate or spreading; posterior filament attached near the base or midpoint of the tube, appendiculate or not. Nutlets apically glabrous.[5]
Section Platostoma
Posterior calyx lobe rounded and shortly decurrent; lateral lobes much reduced and close to the posterior lobe, giving a 1-lobed posterior lip and a 1-lobed anterior lip. Corolla dorsally gibbous. Stamens declinate; posterior filament inappendiculate, attached near the midpoint of the corolla tube. Nutlets apically rounded.[5]
- A.J. Paton P. Beauv.
- Robyns Platostoma leptochilon
- Platostoma africanum Robyns
- Platostoma gabonense Platostoma denticulatum
Section Ceratanthus
Posterior calyx lobe rounded and shortly decurrent; lateral lobes variable, either much reduced giving a 1-lobed posterior lip and a 1-lobed anterior lip, more prominent and close to the posterior lobe giving a 3-lobed posterior lip and a 1-lobed anterior lip, or more rarely positioned midway giving a 1-lobed posterior lip and a 3-lobed anterior lip. Corolla usually spurred, sometimes dorsally gibbous. Stamens declinate; posterior filaments inappendiculate, attached near the base of the corolla tube. Nutlets apically rounded.[5]
- Platostoma intermedium A.J. Paton
- (E Muell.) A.J. Paton Suddee & A.J. Paton
- (G. Taylor) A.J. Paton Platostoma ovatum
- Platostoma stoloniferum Suddee, A.J. Paton & J. Parn.
- Platostoma annamense (G. Taylor) A.J. Paton
- Suddee & A.J. Paton Platostoma calcaratum
- Platostoma longicorne (G. Taylor) A.J. Paton
- (Hemsl.) A.J. Paton Platostoma garrettii
- Platostoma becquerellii (Craib) A.J. Paton
- Platostoma kerrii Platostoma ocimoides
Section Limniboza
Posterior calyx lobe acute and not decurrent; lateral lobes close to the posterior lobe, forming a 3-lobed posterior lip and a 1-lobed anterior lip. Corolla dorsally gibbous. Stamens declinate or spreading, with inappendiculate posterior filaments attached near the midpoint of the corolla tube. Nutlets apically rounded.[5]
- Platostoma rotundifolium Platostoma coeruleum
- (R.E. Fr.) A.J. Paton (Lisowski & Mielcarek) A.J. Paton
- (Briq.) A.J. Paton Platostoma strictum
- Platostoma lisowskianum (Hiern) A.J. Paton
- Platostoma dilungense (Bamps) A.J. Paton
- (Benth.) A.J. Paton & Hedge Platostoma thymiflorum
Section Mesona
Posterior calyx lobe acute, rounded or emarginate, decurrent or not; lateral lobes close to the posterior lobe, forming a 3-lobed posterior lip and a 1-lobed anterior lip. Corolla dorsally gibbous. Stamens declinate; posterior filaments usually appendiculate, rarely inappendiculate, and attached near the midpoint of the corolla tube. Nutlets apically acute.[5]
- Platostoma palustre (Blume) A.J. Paton
- (Benth.) A.J. Paton A.J. Paton
- Suddee Suddee, A.J. Paton & Kiewbang
- Platostoma cambodgense Platostoma fimbriatum
- Suddee & A.J.Paton Platostoma parnellianum
- Platostoma taylorii A.J. Paton
- Suddee & A.J. Paton Suddee, Puudjaa & Kiewbang
- Platostoma grandiflorum Platostoma clausum
- Suddee & A.J. Paton Platostoma chinense
- (Doan) A.J. Paton (Merr.) A.J. Paton
- Suddee Platostoma rubrum
- Platostoma albiflorum Platostoma cochinchinense
- Suddee, A.J. Paton & J.Parn. Platostoma busbanianum
- Platostoma tectum (Lour.) A.J. Paton
- Suddee, A.J. Paton & J.Parn. Platostoma tridechii
- Platostoma hemratianum Platostoma mekongense
References
- ↑ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ↑ Quattrocchi, Umberto (2012). World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants. CRC Press. p. 2489. ISBN 978-1-4200-8044-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=YC_lAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA2489. "See Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië 838. 1826 and Taiwania 43(1):38–58. 1998."
- ↑ Don, George (1838). General History of the Dichlamydeous Plantus. London. p. 675. https://books.google.com/books?id=Ou102Tvl3SQC&pg=PA675. "from μέσος, mesos, middle; so called because the genus was supposed by the author to be intermediate between Ocimum and Scutellaria."
- ↑ Flora of China
- ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 Paton, Alan (1997). "Classification and Species of Platostoma and Its Relationship with Haumaniastrum (Labiatae)". Kew Bulletin (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) 52 (2): 257-292. doi:10.2307/4110385.
External links
Data related to Platostoma at Wikispecies
Wikidata ☰ Q969873 entry
 |  |
