Biology:Pyrgomorphidae
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Short description: Family of grasshoppers
| Pyrgomorphidae | |
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| Pyrgomorpha conica, a well-camouflaged species | |
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| Phymateus morbillosus, a toxic species with bright warning colours | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Orthoptera |
| Suborder: | Caelifera |
| Superfamily: | Pyrgomorphoidea |
| Family: | Pyrgomorphidae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1874 |
| Subfamilies and Tribes | |
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See text | |
Pyrgomorphidae is a family of grasshoppers in the order Orthoptera; it is the only family in the superfamily Pyrgomorphoidea.[1] Pyrgomorphidae is found worldwide in tropical and warm temperate regions (though none are from US mainland),[1] but the vast majority of the family's approximately 500 species are from Africa, Asia and Australia.[2] Their name is probably derived from pyrgos (Greek: Πύργος) meaning "tower": a reference to the form (morph) of the head in the type genus Pyrgomorpha and other genera.
They may sometimes be known as "gaudy grasshoppers",[1] due to the striking, bright aposematic colouration of a number of genera, warning of their toxicity.[2] However, about 90% of the species in the family are harmless and well-camouflaged,[2] with a few, notably Sphenarium, even caught for human consumption.[3]
Subfamilies and tribes
Incomplete list of genera and species:[1]
Subfamily Orthacridinae
All tribes and selected genera only are shown here:
- Tribe Brunniellini Kevan, 1963 - Philippines
- Tribe Chapmanacridini Kevan & Akbar, 1964 - W. Africa
- Tribe Fijipyrgini Kevan, 1966 - Fiji
- Tribe Geloiini Bolívar, 1905 - Madagascar
- Tribe Gymnohippini Kevan & Akbar, 1964 - Madagascar
- Tribe Ichthiacridini Kevan, Singh & Akbar, 1964 - Mexico
- Tribe Ichthyotettigini Kevan, Singh & Akbar, 1964 - Mexico
- Tribe Malagasphenini Kevan & Akbar, 1964 - Madagascar
- Tribe Mitricephalini Kevan & Akbar, 1964 - Malesia
- Tribe Nereniini Kevan, 1964 - Vietnam, PNG
- Genus Nerenia: Nerenia francoisi Bolívar, 1905 (monotypic)
- Genus Megradina: Megradina festiva Storozhenko, 2004 (monotypic)
- Tribe Orthacridini Bolívar, 1905 - E. Africa, Madagascar, India, Indo-China
Neorthacris simulans at Kadavoor, Kerala, India
- Genus Kuantania Miller, 1935
- Genus Neorthacris Kevan & Singh, 1964
- Genus Orthacris Bolívar, 1884
- Tribe Popoviini Kevan & Akbar, 1964 - E. Africa to India
- Genus Popovia Uvarov, 1952
- Tribe Psednurini Burr, 1904 - Australia
- Tribe Sagittacridini Descamps & Wintrebert, 1966 - Madagascar
- Tribe Verduliini Kevan & Akbar, 1964 - Philippines to PNG
Subfamily Pyrgomorphinae
Some notable genera and species are shown here:
- Tribe Atractomorphini - Africa, Asia, Australia
.jpg)
- Genus Atractomorpha
- Tribe Chlorizeinini Kevan & Akbar, 1964 - Africa, Asia
- Genus Chlorizeina Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893
- Tribe Chrotogonini Bolívar, 1904 - Africa, Asia
- Tribe Desmopterini - W. Africa, Asia, Australia
- Genus Desmoptera: including Desmoptera truncatipennis[4]
- Tribe Dictyophorini - Africa
- Genus Dictyophorus: including Dictyophorus spumans
- Tribe Monistriini - Australia
- Genus Monistria: including Monistria cicatricosa and Monistria pustulifera
- Tribe Omurini Kevan, 1961 - South America
- Tribe Petasidini - Australia
- Genus Petasida: including Petasida ephippigera (Leichhardt's grasshopper)[4][5]
- Tribe Phymateini - Africa (incl. Madagascar), China
- Tribe Poekilocerini Burmeister, 1840 - Africa, India, Indo-China, Malesia, PNG
- Genus Poekilocerus Serville, 1831
- Tribe Psednurini - Australia
- Genus Psednura
- Tribe Pseudomorphacridini Kevan & Akbar, 1964 - Indo-China
- Genus Pseudomorphacris Carl, 1916
- Tribe Pyrgomorphini - Africa, W. Asia through to India
- Genus Pyrgomorpha Serville, 1838
- Genus Pyrgomorphella Bolívar, 1904
- Tribe Schulthessiini Kevan & Akbar, 1964 - Madagascar
- Tribe Sphenariini Bolívar, 1884 - Central America, Africa, China
- Genus Sphenarium Charpentier, 1845
- Tribe Tagastini Bolívar, 1905 - SE Asia
- Genus Tagasta Bolívar, 1905
- Tribe Taphronotini Bolívar, 1904 - Africa, India, Indo-China
- Genus Aularches Stål, 1873: monotypic Aularches miliaris
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Family Pyrgomorphidae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1874: Orthoptera Species File". http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=9428.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Mariño-Pérez, R.; Song, H. (2017). "Phylogeny of the grasshopper family Pyrgomorphidae(Caelifera, Orthoptera) based on morphology". Systematic Entomology 43 (1). doi:10.1111/syen.12251.
- ↑ Cerritos, R.; Cano-Santana, Z. (2008). "Harvesting grasshoppers Sphenarium purpurascens in Mexico for human consumption: A comparison with insecticidal control for managing pest outbreaks". Crop Protection 27 (3–5): 473–480. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2007.08.001.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Orthoptera (Grasshoppers & Locusts)". anic.ento.csiro.au. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. http://anic.ento.csiro.au/insectfamilies/biota_details.aspx?OrderID=24892&BiotaID=46436&PageID=families.
- ↑ "2. Petasida ephippigera White". http://www.ces.csiro.au/aicn/name_s/b_3200.htm.
External links
- Pyrgomorphoidea at the Global Biodiversity Information Facility Portal
Wikidata ☰ Q1297956 entry
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