Biology:Pyronema
Pyronema is a genus of cup fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. Pyronema are found fruiting exclusively on recently burned or heat-sterilized substrates.[1] The fruiting bodies (apothecia) are light-pink to orange and disc or cushion shaped. Always growing in dense clusters, and often fusing together resulting in an amorphous mat-like appearance. Ascospores are simple, smooth, ellipsoid, colorless, and lack lipid droplets. When grown in a laboratory setting on agar plates, P. domesticum produces sclerotia, whereas P. omphalodes does not.[2] P. domesticum tends to produce pink to orange apothecia and slightly larger spores, whereas P. omphalodes apothecia are orange to yellow-orange with slightly smaller spores.[3] Pyronema are known to dominate the soil fungal community after fire,[4] and P. domesticum has been shown to metabolize charcoal.[5][6] P. omphalodes is synonymous with P. confluens and P. marianum.[7]
Pyronema was first circumscribed as Peziza omphalodes by Pierre Bulliard in 1790,[8][9] and in 1870 Leopold Fuckel built off the description from Bulliard, merging several synonymous species into P. omphalodes.[10] In 1889, Pier Andrea Saccardo circumscribed the species P. domesticum, directly building from the work of James Sowerby.[11]
References
- ↑ Seaver, Fred (1909). "Studies in pyrophilous fungi: I. The occurrence and cultivation of Pyronema". Mycologia 1 (4): 131–139. doi:10.2307/3753124. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/partpdf/246156.
- ↑ "JGI Mycocosm Pyronema omphalodes genome". JGI. https://mycocosm.jgi.doe.gov/Pyrom1/Pyrom1.home.html.
- ↑ Siegel & Schwartz (2024). Mushrooms of Cascadia. Backcountry Press. p. 544. ISBN 978-1-941624-19-7.
- ↑ Bruns, Thomas (March 4, 2020). "A simple pyrocosm for studying soil microbial response to fire reveals a rapid, massive response by Pyronema species". PLOS ONE 15 (3). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222691. PMID 32130222. Bibcode: 2020PLoSO..1522691B.
- ↑ Shechet, Ellie (November 28, 2021). "This Fire-Loving Fungus Eats Charcoal, if it must". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/28/science/fungus-wildfire-charcoal.html#:~:text=Fischer%20offered%20this%20interpretation%3A%20%E2%80%9CPyronema,to%20charcoal%20when%20it%20must..
- ↑ Fischer, Monika (2021-10-27). "Pyrolyzed Substrates Induce Aromatic Compound Metabolism in the Post-fire Fungus, Pyronema domesticum". Frontiers in Microbiology 12. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.729289. PMID 34777277.
- ↑ "Pyronema Carus 1835". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. https://www.mycobank.org/page/Name%20details%20page/field/Mycobank%20%23/4624.
- ↑ "Pyronema omphalodes". https://ascomycete.org/2000-Pezizales/Species/Pyronema-omphalodes?mapid=111#prettyPhoto.
- ↑ Bulliard, Pierre (1780–93). Herbier de la France; ou, Collection complette des plantes indigenes de ce royaume; avec leurs proprie´te´s, et leurs usages en medecine. Paris.
- ↑ Fuckel, L. (1870). "Symbolae mycologicae. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Rheinischen Pilze". Jahrbücher des Nassauischen Vereins für Naturkunde 23-24: 1–459. https://www.mycobank.org/details/19/5046.
- ↑ Saccardo, P.A. (1889). "Discomyceteae et Phymatosphaeriaceae". Sylloge Fungorum 8: 1-1143.
Wikidata ☰ Q7263676 entry
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