Biology:Rafinesquina
| Rafinesquina | |
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_(Grant_Lake_Formation,_Upper_Ordovician;_south_of_Excello,_Ohio,_USA)_1_(49710941141).jpg)
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| Rafinesquina ponderosa from the Excello South Outcrop near the Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana tristate area | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Brachiopoda |
| Class: | †Strophomenata |
| Order: | †Strophomenida |
| Family: | †Rafinesquinidae |
| Subfamily: | †Rafinesquininae |
| Genus: | †Rafinesquina Clarke and Hall, 1892 |
| Type species | |
| Leptaena alternata Conrad, 1838
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| Species | |
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See Species | |
Rafinesquina is an extinct genus of large brachiopod that existed from the Darriwilian to the Ludlow epoch.[1]
The genus was named in honor of polymath Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz.[2]
Description
Rafinesquina's members were epifaunal, meaning they lived on top of the seafloor, not buried within it, and were suspension feeders.[3] Rafinesquina normally have a concavo-convex profile, with radiating striae of alternating size which are crossed with finer concentric striae.[3] Their width is usually greater than their length, like most Strophomenids. Members of this genus had shells that grew in increments, with each increment forming a layer of the shell (much like trees do with their rings). In 1982, Gary D. Rosenberg analyzed specimens of Rafinesquina alternata previously inferred to have lived in a shallow subtidal environment and proposed it could be possible to estimate the total number of days in a lunar month (the period between full moons) during the Late Ordovician using layer counting.[4]
Distribution
Rafinesquina specimens had a cosmopolitan distribution, and their fossils can be found in the Americas, Europe, and Asia.[1][5][6][7]
Species
Species in the genus Rafinesquina include:[6][7][8]
- R. alternata (Conrad, 1838)
- R. declivis (James, 1874)
- R. delicata Williams, 1974
- R. deltoidea (Conrad, 1838)
- R. insidiosa Williams, 1962
- R. jeffersonensis Bradley, 1930
- R. latisculptilus (Savage, 1913)
- R. lignani Vilas, 1985
- R. mesicosta Shumard, 1860
- R. mucronata Foerste, 1914
- R. nasuta (Emmons, 1842)
- R. oanduensis Oraspold, 1956
- R. orvikui Oraspold, 1956
- R. percensis Cooper and Kindle, 1936
- R. planulata Cooper, 1956
- R. ponderosa Hayes and Ulrich, 1903
- R. pseudoloricata (Barrande, 1848)
- R. relicula Benedetto, 1995
- R. stropheodontoides (Savage, 1913)
- R. trentonensis (Hall, 1847)
- R. ultrix Marek and Havlíček, 1967
- R. urbicola Marek and Havlíček, 1967
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Colmenar, Jorge (2016). "Ordovician rafinesquinine brachiopods from peri-Gondwana". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 61 (2): 293–326. doi:10.4202/app.00102.2014. https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app61/app001022014.pdf. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
- ↑ Thompson, Ida (September 1982). National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Fossils. New York: Alfred a Knopf Inc. pp. 650–651. ISBN 978-0-394-52412-2.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Stigall, Alycia. "Rafinesquina". National Science Foundation. http://www.ordovicianatlas.org/atlas/brachiopoda/strophomenata/strophomenida/rafinesquinidae/rafinesquina/#squelch-taas-accordion-shortcode-content-1. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
- ↑ Rosenberg, Gary (1982). "Growth rhythms in the brachiopod Rafinesquina alternata from the Late Ordovician of southeastern Indiana". Paleobiology 8 (4): 389–401. doi:10.1017/S0094837300007132. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/growth-rhythms-in-the-brachiopod-rafinesquina-alternata-from-the-late-ordovician-of-southeastern-indiana/C5E652BA53DB9D1E559FF1CD09ED78E7. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
- ↑ Global Biodiversity Information Facility
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Paleobiology Database
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Fossilworks
- ↑ Catalog of Life
Wikidata ☰ Q2333427 entry
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