Biology:Rhamnus crocea

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Short description: Species of tree

Rhamnus crocea
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Rhamnaceae
Genus: Rhamnus
Species:
R. crocea
Binomial name
Rhamnus crocea
Synonyms[1]
  • (Nutt.) Hauenschild (Nutt.) Hauenschild
  • Rhamnus crocea subsp. typica Endotropis crocea
  • C.B.Wolf, not validly publ. Ventia crocea
Rhamnus crocea flowers

Rhamnus crocea, the spiny redberry, is a species of plant in the family Rhamnaceae. It is native from California to northern Mexico. As of March 2024, five subspecies are recognized.[1]

Description

This evergreen shrub is typically 1–2 metres (3 1⁄2–6 1⁄2 ft) in height.[2] The leaves are 1.4 centimetres (1⁄2 in) long. The flowers have four yellow-green sepals and no petals. The fruit is a red berry containing two nutlets.[3]

Taxonomy

As of March 2024, Plants of the World Online accepted five subspecies:[1]

  • Rhamnus crocea subsp. crocea
  • Rhamnus crocea subsp. ilicifolia (Kellogg) C.B.Wolf, syn. Rhamnus ilicifolia[4]
  • Rhamnus crocea subsp. insula (Kellogg) C.B.Wolf, syn. Rhamnus insula Kellogg[5]
  • Rhamnus crocea subsp. pilosa (Trel. ex Curran) C.B.Wolf, syn. Rhamnus pilosa (Trel. ex Curran) Abrams[6]
  • Rhamnus crocea subsp. pirifolia (Greene) C.B.Wolf, syn. Rhamnus pirifolia Greene[7]

Distribution and habitat

R. crocea typically occurs in chaparral, with common flora associates being toyon and hollyleaf cherry.[8]

Uses

The edible fruit[3] was consumed by Native Americans in the Western United States.[9] When eaten in large quantities, it reportedly imparts a red tint to the consumer's entire body.[9]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Rhamnus crocea Nutt.." (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/718294-1. 
  2. ↑ Abrams, LeRoy (1951). Illustrated Flora of the Pacific States. 3. Stanford University Press. p. 63. ISBN 0-8047-0005-2. https://archive.org/details/illustratedflora03abra/page/62/mode/2up. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Turner, Mark; Kuhlmann, Ellen (2014). Trees & Shrubs of the Pacific Northwest (1st ed.). Portland, OR: Timber Press. pp. 234. ISBN 978-1-60469-263-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=VLbAAwAAQBAJ. 
  4. ↑ "Rhamnus crocea subsp. ilicifolia (Kellogg) C.B.Wolf" (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/218983-2. 
  5. ↑ "Rhamnus crocea subsp. insula (Kellogg) C.B.Wolf" (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/218985-2. 
  6. ↑ "Rhamnus crocea subsp. pilosa (Trel. ex Curran) Abrams" (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/218987-2. 
  7. ↑ "Rhamnus crocea subsp. pirifolia (Greene) C.B.Wolf" (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/218989-2. 
  8. ↑ Hogan, C. Michael (2008). "Toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia)". in Stromberg, N.. http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=84109&lang=us. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Saunders, Charles Francis (1934). Edible and Useful Wild Plants. Dover. p. 91. ISBN 978-0-486-23310-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=yMw9DwAAQBAJ&q=Rhamnus%20crocea&pg=PA91. 

Wikidata ☰ Q7320176 entry



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