Biology:SMIM20
 Generic protein structure example |
Small integral membrane protein 20 (SMIM20) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMIM20 gene.[1] SMIM20 acts as a prohormone to the peptide hormone phoenixin (PNX) which was discovered for the first time in 2013 in rodent sensory ganglia.[2] Two alternate cleavage sites within SMIM20 results in two different phoenixin products, Phoenixin-14 (PNX-14) and Phoenixin-20 (PNX-20).[3]
In the study of the evolution of nervous systems, SMIM20 together with NUCB2 have been found to have deep homology across all lineages that preceded creatures with central nervous systems, bilaterians, cnidarians, ctenophores, and sponges as well as in choanoflagellates.[4][5]
Receptor signaling
Recent studies have found that GPR173, a previously orphaned GPCR, may act as a receptor for PNX-14 and PNX-20.[6][7][8]
See also
References
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: Small integral membrane protein 20". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/389203.
- ↑ "A novel reproductive peptide, phoenixin". Journal of Neuroendocrinology 25 (2): 206–215. February 2013. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2012.02381.x. PMID 22963497.
- ↑ "Phoenixin: uncovering its receptor, signaling and functions" (in en). Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 39 (5): 774–778. May 2018. doi:10.1038/aps.2018.13. ISSN 1745-7254. PMID 29671415.
- ↑ "Premetazoan Origin of Neuropeptide Signaling". Molecular Biology and Evolution 39 (4). April 2022. doi:10.1093/molbev/msac051. PMID 35277960.
- ↑ "Brain-Signal Proteins Evolved Before Animals Did" (in en). 3 June 2022. https://www.quantamagazine.org/brain-signal-proteins-evolved-before-animals-did-20220603/.
- ↑ "Phoenixin: uncovering its receptor, signaling and functions" (in en). Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 39 (5): 774–778. May 2018. doi:10.1038/aps.2018.13. ISSN 1745-7254. PMID 29671415.
- ↑ "Phoenixin Activates Immortalized GnRH and Kisspeptin Neurons Through the Novel Receptor GPR173". Molecular Endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 30 (8): 872–888. 2016-08-01. doi:10.1210/me.2016-1039. ISSN 0888-8809. PMID 27268078.
- ↑ "Hypothalamic action of phoenixin to control reproductive hormone secretion in females: importance of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor Gpr173". American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 311 (3): R489–R496. September 2016. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00191.2016. ISSN 0363-6119. PMID 27440717.
Further reading
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