Biology:Sonchus arvensis
| Sonchus arvensis | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | Sonchus |
| Species: | S. arvensis
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| Binomial name | |
| Sonchus arvensis L. 1753
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Synonymy
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Sonchus arvensis, the field milk thistle,[2] field sowthistle,[3] perennial sow-thistle,[4] corn sow thistle, dindle, gutweed, swine thistle, or tree sow thistle, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. S. arvensis often occurs in annual crop fields and may cause substantial yield losses.[5]
Description
The plant grows up to 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) in height,[6]:744 with leaves 10–35 cm (4–13 3⁄4 in) long and 4–14 cm (1 1⁄2–5 1⁄2 in) wide.[7] It produces conspicuous yellow flowerheads about 3–5 cm (1 1⁄4–2 in) wide,[7] which are visited by various types of insects—especially hoverflies of the genus Eristalis.[8]
Distribution
Sonchus arvensis is native to Eurasia, where it is widespread across most of the continent.[9] It has also become naturalized in many other regions, and is considered an invasive noxious weed in some places, such as North America (including Prince Edward Island),[10] Russia , New Zealand, and Australia .[11][12][13]
It grows in areas such as pastures, roadsides, bushlands and the shorelines of lakes, rivers[14] and sea coast.[15]
Uses
The young leaves, when less than a few inches long and not bitter in taste, can be mixed with other greens to make salad. They can also be boiled in a small quantity of water, changed once. The plant can contain toxic nitrates.[7]
Gallery
Leaves
Flowerheads
Illustration
References
- ↑ The Plant List, Sonchus arvensis L.
- ↑ Sonchus arvensis at Plants For A Future
- ↑ "Sonchus arvensis". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=SOAR2. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
- ↑ (xls) BSBI List 2007, Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland, https://bsbi.org/download/3542/, retrieved 2014-10-17
- ↑ "Sonchus arvensis (perennial sowthistle)". 2019-11-19. http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/50583.
- ↑ Stace, C. A. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles (Fourth ed.). Middlewood Green, Suffolk, U.K.: C & M Floristics. ISBN 978-1-5272-2630-2.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Elias, Thomas S.; Dykeman, Peter A. (2009). Edible Wild Plants: A North American Field Guide to Over 200 Natural Foods. New York: Sterling. pp. 103. ISBN 978-1-4027-6715-9. OCLC 244766414. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/244766414.
- ↑ Van Der Kooi, C. J.; Pen, I.; Staal, M.; Stavenga, D. G.; Elzenga, J. T. M. (2015). "Competition for pollinators and intra-communal spectral dissimilarity of flowers". Plant Biology 18 (1): 56–62. doi:10.1111/plb.12328. PMID 25754608. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273158762.
- ↑ Altervista Flora Italiana, Sonchus arvensis L. includes photos, European distribution map
- ↑ Guardian, The. "'Giant dandelion' taking up space in P.E.I.". http://www.theguardian.pe.ca/news/local/giant-dandelion-taking-up-space-in-pei-514901/.
- ↑ "List of invasive species in the Great Lakes Great Lakes United / Union Saint-Laurent Grands Lacs". http://www.glu.org/en/node/199.
- ↑ Davidse, G., M. Sousa-Peña, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera. 2015. Asteraceae. 5(2): ined. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera (eds.) Flora Mesoamericana. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
- ↑ Atlas of Living Australia
- ↑ Corn sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis) by NSW WeedWise
- ↑ "Sonchus arvensis". Online Atlas of the British Flora. Biological Records Centre and Botanical society of Britain and Ireland. https://www.brc.ac.uk/plantatlas/plant/sonchus-arvensis.
External links
- Tropicos.org: photo of herbarium specimen at Missouri Botanical Garden
- "Sonchus arvensis (perennial sowthistle)". 2019-11-19. http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/50583.
Wikidata ☰ Q239291 entry
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