Biology:Steelhead and salmon distinct population segments
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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Environmental Protection Agency, groups steelhead and salmon into distinct population segments (DPS). There are currently 15 DPS for steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and 31 evolutionarily significant units (ESU) for five species of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus. The boundaries of these areas are used to determine whether specific populations of a species should be designated threatened or endangered species under the Endangered Species Act.
Steelhead distinct population segment
| Steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| DPS/ESU Name | Initial/Revised status | Current status | Boundary Map[1] |
| Southern California DPS | Endangered (1997), (2006)[2] | Endangered (2011) | |
| South-Central California Coast DPS | Endangered (1997), Threatened (2006)[3] | Threatened (2011) | |
| California Central Valley DPS | Threatened (1998), (2006)[4] | Threatened (2011) | |
| Central California Coast DPS | Threatened (1998), (2006)[5] | Threatened (2011) | File:Ccc steelhead.pdf |
| Northern California DPS | Threatened (1998), (2006)[5] | Threatened (2011) | |
| Klamath Mountains Province DPS | |||
| Lower Columbia River DPS | Threatened (1998), (2006)[6] | Threatened (2011) | |
| Middle Columbia River DPS | Threatened (1999), (2006)[7] | Threatened (2011) | |
| Oregon Coast DPS | |||
| Puget Sound DPS | Threatened (1997)[8] | Threatened (2011) | |
| Olympic Peninsula DPS | |||
| Snake River Basin DPS | Threatened (1997), (2006) [9] | Threatened (2011) | |
| Southwest Washington DPS | |||
| Upper Columbia River DPS | Endangered (1997), Threatened (2006), Endangered (2007), Threatened (2009)[10] | Threatened (2011) | |
| Upper Willamette River DPS | Threatened (1999), (2006)[11] | Threatened (2011) | |
Pacific salmon evolutionarily significant unit
| Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| DPS/ESU Name | Initial/Revised status | Current status | Boundary Map[1] |
| Central Valley Spring-run ESU | Threatened (1995), (2005)[12] | Threatened (2011) | |
| Central Valley Fall-run and Late Fall-run ESU | |||
| California Coast ESU | Threatened (1999), (2005) including hatchery stocks[13] |
Threatened (2011) | |
| Oregon Coast ESU | |||
| Mid-Columbia River Spring-run ESU | |||
| Lower Columbia River ESU | Threatened (1999), (2005)[6] | Threatened (2011) | |
| Deschutes River Summer/Fall-run ESU | |||
| Southern Oregon & Northern California Coastal ESU | |||
| Snake River Spring/Summer-run ESU | Threatened (1992), (2005)[9] | Threatened (2011) | |
| Snake River Fall-run ESU | Threatened (1992), (2005)[9] | Threatened (2011) | |
| Sacramento River Winter-run ESU | Threatened (1989), (1990), Endangered (1992), Threatened (2004), Endangered (2005)[14] |
Endangered (2011) | |
| Puget Sound ESU | Threatened (1995), (2005)[8] | Threatened (2001) | |
| Washington Coast ESU | |||
| Upper Willamette River ESU | Threatened (1999), (2005)[11] | Threatened (2011) | |
| Upper Klamath-Trinity Rivers ESU | |||
| Upper Columbia River Summer/Fall-run ESU | |||
| Upper Columbia River Spring-run ESU | Endangered (1999), (2005)[10] | Endangered (2011) | |
| Coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch | |||
| DPS/ESU Name | Initial/Revised status | Current status | Boundary Map[1] |
| Central California Coast ESU | Endangered (1996), (2005) including hatchery stocks[13] |
Endangered (2011) | |
| Lower Columbia River ESU | Threatened (2005)[6] | Threatened (2011) | |
| Olympic Peninsula ESU | |||
| Oregon Coast ESU | |||
| Puget Sound/Strait of Georgia ESU | |||
| Southern Oregon/Northern California ESU | Threatened (1997), (2005)[15] | Threatened (2011) | |
| Southwest Washington ESU | |||
| Sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka | |||
| DPS/ESU Name | Initial/Revised status | Current status | Boundary Map[1] |
| Baker River ESU | |||
| Lake Pleasant ESU | |||
| Lake Wenatchee ESU | |||
| Okanogan River ESU | |||
| Ozette Lake ESU | Threatened (1999), (2005)[16] | Threatened (2011) | |
| Quniault Lake ESU | |||
| Snake River ESU | Endangered (1991), (2005)[9] | Endangered (2011) | |
| Chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta | |||
| DPS/ESU Name | Initial/Revised status | Current status | Boundary Map[1] |
| Columbia River ESU | Threatened (1999), (2005)[6] | Threatened (2011) | |
| Hood Canal Summer-run ESU | Threatened (1995), (2005)[8] | Threatened (2001) | |
| Pacific Coast ESU | |||
| Puget Sound/Strait of Georgia ESU | |||
| Pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha | |||
| DPS/ESU Name | Initial/Revised status | Current status | Boundary Map[1] |
| Even-year ESU | |||
| Odd-year ESU | |||
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 "Species Boundaries Salmon and Steelhead". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. http://www.westcoast.fisheries.noaa.gov/maps_data/species_population_boundaries.html. Retrieved 2013-12-03.
- ↑ "ESA Threatened & Endangered Steehead". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2022. https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species-directory/threatened-endangered?title=Steelhead+trout&species_category=any&species_status=any®ions=all&items_per_page=all&sort=. Retrieved 2022-01-13.
- ↑ "South-Central/Southern California Coast Steelhead Recovery Planning Domain 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation of South-Central California Coast Steelhead Distinct Population Segment". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2011. http://www.westcoast.fisheries.noaa.gov/publications/status_reviews/salmon_steelhead/steelhead/2011_status_review_of_south-central_california_coast_steelhead.pdf. Retrieved 2013-12-03.
- ↑ "Central Valley Recovery Domain 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation of Central Valley Steelhead DPS". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2011. http://www.westcoast.fisheries.noaa.gov/publications/status_reviews/salmon_steelhead/steelhead/2011_status_review_of_central_valley_steelhead.pdf. Retrieved 2013-12-03.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "North-Central California Coast Recovery Domain 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation of Central California Coastal Steelhead DPS Northern California Steelhead DPS". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2011. http://www.westcoast.fisheries.noaa.gov/publications/status_reviews/salmon_steelhead/steelhead/2011_status_review_central_california_coastal_steelhead_northern_california_steelhead.pdf. Retrieved 2013-12-03.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 "5-Year Review: Summary & Evaluation of Lower Columbia River Chinook, Columbia River Chum, Lower Columbia River Coho, Lower Columbia River Steelhead". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2011. http://www.westcoast.fisheries.noaa.gov/publications/status_reviews/salmon_steelhead/multiple_species/5-yr-lcr.pdf. Retrieved 2013-12-03.
- ↑ "5-Year Review: Summary & Evaluation of Middle Columbia River Steelhead". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2011. http://www.westcoast.fisheries.noaa.gov/publications/status_reviews/salmon_steelhead/steelhead/5-yr-mcr.pdf. Retrieved 2013-12-01.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "5-Year Review: Summary & Evaluation of Puget Sound Chinook, Hood Canal Summer Chum, Puget Sound Steelhead". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2011. http://www.westcoast.fisheries.noaa.gov/publications/status_reviews/salmon_steelhead/multiple_species/5-yr-ps.pdf. Retrieved 2013-12-03.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 "5-Year Review: Summary & Evaluation of Snake River Sockeye, Snake River Spring-Summer Chinook, Snake River Fall-Run Chinook, Snake River Basin Steelhead". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2011. http://www.westcoast.fisheries.noaa.gov/publications/status_reviews/salmon_steelhead/multiple_species/5-yr-sr.pdf. Retrieved 2013-12-03.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 "5-Year Review: Summary & Evaluation of Upper Columbia River Steelhead, Upper Columbia River Spring-run Chinook". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2011. http://www.westcoast.fisheries.noaa.gov/publications/status_reviews/salmon_steelhead/multiple_species/5-yr-ucr.pdf. Retrieved 2013-12-03.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 "5-Year Review: Summary & Evaluation of Upper Willamette River Steelhead and Upper Willamette River Chinook". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2011. http://www.westcoast.fisheries.noaa.gov/publications/status_reviews/salmon_steelhead/multiple_species/5-yr-uwr.pdf. Retrieved 2013-12-03.
- ↑ "Central Valley Recovery Domain 5 Year Review: Summary and Evaluation of Central Valley Spring-run Chinook Salmon ESU". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2011. http://www.westcoast.fisheries.noaa.gov/publications/status_reviews/salmon_steelhead/chinook/2011_status_review_california_central_valley_spring_run_chinook.pdf. Retrieved 2013-12-03.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 "North-Central California Coast Recovery Program 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation of California Coastal Chinook Salmon ESU, Central California Coast Coho Salmon ESU". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2011. http://www.westcoast.fisheries.noaa.gov/publications/status_reviews/salmon_steelhead/multiple_species/2011_status_review_california_coastal_chinook_and_central_california_coast_coho.pdf. Retrieved 2013-12-03.
- ↑ "Central Valley Recovery Domain 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation of Sacramento River Winter-run Chinook Salmon ESU". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2011. http://www.westcoast.fisheries.noaa.gov/publications/status_reviews/salmon_steelhead/chinook/2011_status_review_sacramento_river_winter_run_chinook.pdf. Retrieved 2013-12-03.
- ↑ "Southern Oregon/Northern California Coast Recovery Domain 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation of Southern Oregon/Northern California Coast Coho Salmon ESU". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrations. 2011. http://www.westcoast.fisheries.noaa.gov/publications/status_reviews/salmon_steelhead/coho/2011_status_review_southern_oregon_northern_california_coast_coho.pdf. Retrieved 2013-12-03.
- ↑ "5-Year Review: Summary & Evaluation of Ozette Lake Sockeye". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2011. http://www.westcoast.fisheries.noaa.gov/publications/status_reviews/salmon_steelhead/sockeye/5-yr-ozt.pdf. Retrieved 2013-12-03.
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