Biology:Sternopygus

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Sternopygus is a genus of glass knifefishes found in tropical and subtropical South America (south to the Río de la Plata Basin), and Panama. It is the only extant extant member of the subfamily Sternopyginae, with the related fossil genus †Humboldtichthys also known from Bolivia.[1][2]

They inhabit a wide range of freshwater habitats, from fast-flowing rivers to essentially static waters in floodplains, and shallow habitats to the bottom of deep rivers. S. macrurus will even visit brackish mangroves to feed.[3]

They are medium to large knifefish, with a maximum total length of 23–140 cm (0.8–4.6 ft) depending on the exact species.[3][4] They feed on invertebrates, small fish and fruits.[3] Most members of Gymnotiformes are nocturnal, but Sternopygus are both nocturnal[3] and diurnal.[5]

Species

There are currently twelve recognized species in this genus.[4][6][7]

  • Sternopygus aequilabiatus (Humboldt, 1805)
  • Sternopygus arenatus (Eydoux & Souleyet, 1850)
  • Sternopygus astrabes Mago-Leccia, 1994
  • Sternopygus branco Crampton, Hulen & Albert, 2004
  • Sternopygus dariensis Meek & Hildebrand 1916
  • Sternopygus embera Torgersen, Galindo-Cuervo, Ortega-Lara, Lujan, Reis & Albert, 2026
  • Sternopygus macrurus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) (Longtail knifefish)
  • Sternopygus obtusirostris Steindachner, 1881
  • Sternopygus pejeraton Schultz, 1949
  • Sternopygus sabaji Torgersen & Albert, 2022[8]
  • Sternopygus sarae Torgersen, Galindo-Cuervo, Reis & Albert, 2023
  • Sternopygus xingu Albert & Fink, 1996

References

  1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Cof family
  2. ↑ Albert, J.S.; Fink, W.L. (2007). "Phylogenetic relationships of fossil Neotropical electric fishes (Osteichthyes: Gymnotiformes) from the Upper Miocene of Bolivia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 (1): 17–25. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[17:PROFNE2.0.CO;2]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/213768967. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Field Guide to the Fishes of the Amazon, Orinoco, and Guianas. Princeton University Press. 2017. pp. 344–345. ISBN 978-0691170749. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2017). Species of Sternopygus in FishBase. December 2017 version.
  5. ↑ Galvis; Mojica; Duque; Castellanos; Sánchez-Duarte; Arce; Gutiérrez; Jiménez et al. (2006) (in Spanish). Peces del medio Amazonas, Región de Leticia. Conservación Internacional. p. 358. doi:10.1590/S1679-62252006000400011. ISBN 978-958-97690-6-5. 
  6. ↑ Torgersen, Kevin T.; Albert, James S. (November 2022). "A New Species of Sternopygus (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) from the Atlantic Coast of the Guiana Shield". Ichthyology & Herpetology 110 (4): 714–727. doi:10.1643/i2022013. ISSN 2766-1512. https://bioone.org/journals/ichthyology-and-herpetology/volume-110/issue-4/i2022013/A-New-Species-of-Sternopygus-Gymnotiformes--Sternopygidae-from-the/10.1643/i2022013.full. 
  7. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron; van der Laan, Richard, eds. "Species in the genus Sternopygus". California Academy of Sciences. http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatget.asp?tbl=species&genus=Sternopygus. 
  8. ↑ Kevin T. Torgersen; James S. Albert (2022). "A New Species of Sternopygus (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) from the Atlantic Coast of the Guiana Shield". Ichthyology & Herpetology 110 (4): 714–727. doi:10.1643/i2022013. 

Wikidata ☰ Q3498801 entry




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