Biology:Symphyotrichum boreale
| Symphyotrichum boreale | |
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Invalid status (NatureServe)[1]
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Tribe: | Astereae |
| Subtribe: | Symphyotrichinae |
| Genus: | Symphyotrichum |
| Subgenus: | Symphyotrichum subg. Symphyotrichum |
| Section: | Symphyotrichum sect. Symphyotrichum |
| Species: | S. boreale
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| Binomial name | |
| Symphyotrichum boreale (Torr. & A.Gray) Á.Löve & D.Löve[2]
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| Native distribution[3] | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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Basionym
Alphabetical list
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Symphyotrichum boreale (formerly Aster borealis) is a species of flowering plant of the aster family (Asteraceae) native to North America. Commonly known as rush aster, northern bog aster, and slender white aster,[4] it is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach heights of 85 centimetres (2 feet 9 inches).
Description
Symphyotrichum boreale is a perennial, herbaceous plant that reaches between 13 centimetres (5 inches) and 85 cm (2 ft 9 in) high. The leaves, stem, and overall plant form are slender, and it produces long rhizomes. The inflorescence consists of one to several composite flowers. The ray florets are white to pale purple, and the disc florets are cream or pale yellow, becoming purplish.[4] The leaves are simple, with alternate or basal arrangement.[5]
Taxonomy
Symphyotrichum boreale was formerly included in the large genus Aster as Aster borealis. However, this broad circumscription of Aster is polyphyletic and the North American asters are now mostly classified in Symphyotrichum and several other genera.[6]
Hybrids between this species and Symphyotrichum puniceum have been recorded and are called Symphyotrichum × longulum.[4]
Distribution and habitat
Symphyotrichum boreale is native to northern North America from Alaska to Newfoundland, and south to Colorado and West Virginia. It is found in wet, calcareous habitats including fens, marshes, swamps and wet meadows.[4]
Ecology
In addition to vegetative spread via rhizomes, dispersal is accomplished by wind-blown seed. The roots are colonised by fungi including arbuscular mycorrhiza and dark septate endophytes. The sac fungus Erysiphe cichoracearum, which causes a powdery mildew, is also known from this species.[7]
Citations
References
- Flora of North America Editorial Committee, ed. (2006), "Symphyotrichum boreale", Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA), 20, New York and Oxford, http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250067627, retrieved 3 July 2021
- Hassler, M. (17 March 2021). "Symphyotrichum boreale (Torr. & A. Gray) Á. Löve & D. Löve – World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World". in Roskov, Y.; Ower, G.; Orrell, T. et al. (in en). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 10 June 2021. Leiden, Netherlands: Naturalis Biodiversity Center. https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/53Q6R. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
- Les, D.H. (2017) (in en). Aquatic Dicotyledons of North America: Ecology, Life History, and Systematics. CRC Press. ISBN 9781482225020.
- Native Plant Trust (n.d.). "Symphyotrichum boreale (Torr. & Gray) Nesom" (in en). https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/symphyotrichum/boreale/.
- "Symphyotrichum boreale — Boreal Aster" (in en). Arlington, Virginia. 4 June 2021. https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.145708/.
- POWO (2021). "Symphyotrichum boreale (Torr. & A.Gray) Á.Löve & D.Löve" (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/247111-2.
- "An overview of "asters" and the Tribe Astereae" (in en). Ontario. 27 April 2021. https://uwaterloo.ca/astereae-lab/research/asters.
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