Biology:Tapirus
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Tapirus is a genus of tapir which contains the living tapir species. The Malayan tapir is usually included in Tapirus as well, although some authorities have moved it into its own genus, Acrocodia.[1]
Extant species
| Image | Common name | Scientific name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| 120px | Baird's tapir (also called the Central American tapir) | Tapirus bairdii (Gill, 1865) | Mexico, Central America and northwestern South America. |
| 120px | South American tapir (also called the Brazilian tapir or lowland tapir) | Tapirus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) | Venezuela, Colombia, and the Guianas in the north to Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay in the south, to Bolivia, Peru, and Ecuador in the West |
| 120px | Mountain tapir (also called the woolly tapir) | Tapirus pinchaque (Roulin, 1829) | Eastern and Central Cordilleras mountains in Colombia, Ecuador, and the far north of Peru. |
| 120px | Malayan tapir (also called the Asian tapir, Oriental tapir or Indian tapir) | Tapirus indicus (Desmarest, 1819) | Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand |
The Kabomani tapir was at one point recognized as another living member of the genus, but is now considered to be nested within T. terrestris.[2][3]
Evolution
The genus Tapirus first appeared during the Middle Miocene (around 16-10 million years ago), known fossils in both Europe (T. telleri) and North America (T. johnsoni and T. polkensis).[4] The youngest tapir in Europe, Tapirus arvernensis became extinct at the end of the Pliocene, around 2.6 million years ago.[5] Tapirus dispersed into South America during the Early Pleistocene as part of the Great American Interchange, around 2.6-1 million years ago.[6]
Tapirs suffered considerable extinctions at the end of the Pleistocene, and went completely extinct north of southern Mexico.
Fossil species
- †Tapirus arvernensis Croizet & Jobert, 1828
- †Tapirus augustus Matthew & Granger, 1923 - Formerly Megatapirus
- †Tapirus californicus Merriam, 1912
- †Tapirus cristatellus Winge, 1906
- †Tapirus greslebini Rusconi, 1934
- †Tapirus haysii Simpson, 1945
- †Tapirus johnsoni Schultz et al., 1975
- †Tapirus lundeliusi Hulbert, 2010
- †Tapirus merriami Frick, 1921
- †Tapirus mesopotamicus Ferrero & Noriega, 2007
- †Tapirus oliverasi Ubilla, 1983 - Invalid[7][8]
- †Tapirus polkensis Olsen, 1860
- †Tapirus rioplatensis Cattoi, 1957
- †Tapirus rondoniensis Holanda et al., 2011
- †Tapirus sanyuanensis Huang & Fang, 1991[9]
- †Tapirus simpsoni Schultz et al., 1975
- †Tapirus sinensis Owen, 1870[9]
- †Tapirus tarijensis Ameghino, 1902
- †Tapirus veroensis Sellards, 1918
- †Tapirus webbi Hulbert, 2005
References
- ↑ Groves, C.P.; Grubb, P. (2011). Ungulate Taxonomy. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 18–20. ISBN 978-1-4214-0093-8. OCLC 708357723. https://zmmu.msu.ru/files/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%20%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0/grubb-groves-2011_taxonomy_ungulates.pdf.
- ↑ Ruiz-García, Manuel; Castellanos, Armando; Bernal, Luz Agueda; Pinedo-Castro, Myreya; Kaston, Franz; Shostell, Joseph M. (2016-03-01). "Mitogenomics of the mountain tapir (Tapirus pinchaque, Tapiridae, Perissodactyla, Mammalia) in Colombia and Ecuador: Phylogeography and insights into the origin and systematics of the South American tapirs" (in en). Mammalian Biology 81 (2): 163–175. doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2015.11.001. ISSN 1616-5047. Bibcode: 2016MamBi..81..163R.
- ↑ "All About the Terrific Tapir | Tapir Specialist Group" (in en-US). http://tapirs.org/tapirs/.
- ↑ Pandolfi, Luca; Sorbelli, Leonardo; Oms, Oriol; Rodriguez-Salgado, Pablo; Campeny, Gerard; de Soler, Bruno Gómez; Grandi, Federica; Agustí, Jordi et al. (January 2023). "The Tapirus from Camp dels Ninots (NE Iberia): implications for morphology, morphometry and phylogeny of Neogene Tapiridae" (in en). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 21 (1). doi:10.1080/14772019.2023.2250117. ISSN 1477-2019. Bibcode: 2023JSPal..2150117P. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14772019.2023.2250117.
- ↑ Cirilli, Omar; Pandolfi, Luca; Bernor, Raymond L. (December 2020). "The Villafranchian perissodactyls of Italy: knowledge of the fossil record and future research perspectives" (in en). Geobios 63: 1–21. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2020.09.001. Bibcode: 2020Geobi..63....1C. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016699520300875.
- ↑ Holanda, Elizete Celestino; Ferrero, Brenda Soledad (March 2013). "Reappraisal of the Genus Tapirus (Perissodactyla, Tapiridae): Systematics and Phylogenetic Affinities of the South American Tapirs". Journal of Mammalian Evolution 20 (1): 33–44. doi:10.1007/s10914-012-9196-z.
- ↑ Holanda, E.C.; Ferrero, B.S. (2012). "Reappraisal of the Genus Tapirus (Perissodactyla, Tapiridae): Systematics and Phylogenetic Affinities of the South American Tapirs". Journal of Mammalian Evolution 20: 33–44. doi:10.1007/s10914-012-9196-z.
- ↑ Holanda, E.C.; Rincón, A.D. (2012). "Tapirs from the Pleistocene of Venezuela". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 57 (3): 463–473. doi:10.4202/app.2011.0001.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Tong, H. (2002). "On fossil remains of Early Pleistocene tapir (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from Fanchang, Anhui". Chinese Science Bulletin 47 (7): 586–590. doi:10.1360/02tb9135. Bibcode: 2002ChSBu..47..586T. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1360/02tb9135.
Template:Perissodactyla Template:Perissodactyla Genera Wikidata ☰ Q128001 entry
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