Biology:Typha angustifolia

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Short description: Species of flowering plant in the family Typhaceae


Narrowleaf cattail
Typha angustifolia nf.jpg
Typha angustifolia
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Typhaceae
Genus: Typha
Species:
T. angustifolia
Binomial name
Typha angustifolia
Synonyms[1][2]

Typha angustifolia L. (also lesser bulrush,[3] narrowleaf cattail[4] or lesser reedmace) is a perennial herbaceous plant of genus Typha. This cattail is an "obligate wetland" species that is commonly found in the northern hemisphere in brackish locations.[5]

Description

The plant's leaves are flat, very narrow (¼"–½" wide), and 3'–6' tall when mature; 12–16 leaves arise from each vegetative shoot. At maturity, they have distinctive stalks that are about as tall as the leaves; the stalks are topped with brown, fluffy, sausage-shaped flowering heads. The plants have sturdy, rhizomatous roots that can extend 27" and are typically ¾"–1½" in diameter.[6][7]

Distribution

Typha angustifolia, habitus

It has been proposed that the species was introduced from Europe to North America.[8] In North America, it is also thought to have been introduced from coastal to inland locations.[9]

The geographic range of Typha angustifolia overlaps with the very similar species Typha latifolia (broadleaf or common cattail). T. angustifolia can be distinguished from T. latifolia by its narrower leaves and by a clear separation of two different regions (staminate flowers above and pistilate flowers below) on the flowering heads.[6] The species hybridize as Typha x glauca (Typha angustifolia x T. latifolia) (white cattail); Typha x glauca is not a distinct species, but is rather a sterile F1 hybrid.[10] Broadleaf cattail is usually found in shallower water than narrowleaf cattail.[citation needed]

Culinary use

Several parts of the plant are edible, including during various seasons the dormant sprouts on roots and bases of leaves, the inner core of the stalk, green bloom spikes, ripe pollen, and starchy roots.[11][12] It can be prepared in the same way as Typha latifolia.[13] The edible stem is called bồn bồn in Vietnam.photo

References

  1. ↑ Tropicos Typha angustifolia
  2. ↑ The Plant List Typha angustifolia
  3. ↑ (xls) BSBI List 2007, Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland, https://bsbi.org/download/3542/, retrieved 2014-10-17 
  4. ↑ "Typha angustifolia". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=TYAN. 
  5. ↑ "Typha angustifolia - narrow leaf cattail". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. http://data.gbif.org/species/13754397/. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Rook, Earl J. S. (February 26, 2004). "Typha angustifolia: Narrow Leaf Cattail". http://www.rook.org/earl/bwca/nature/aquatics/typhaan.html. 
  7. ↑ "PLANTS Profile for Typha angustifolia (narrowleaf cattail)". U. S. Department of Agriculture. http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=TYAN. 
  8. ↑ Stuckey, R. L.; Salamon, D. P. (1987). "Typha angustifolia in North America: masquerading as a native". Am. J. Bot. 74: 757. 
  9. ↑ Mills, Edward L.; Leach, Joseph H.; Carlton, James T.; Secor, Carol L. (1993). "Exotic Species in the Great Lakes: A History of Biotic Crises and Anthropogenic Introductions". Journal of Great Lakes Research 19 (1): 1–54. doi:10.1016/S0380-1330(93)71197-1. http://www.glfc.org/research/reports/Mills.pdf. Retrieved 2013-10-21. "The distributional history of the narrow-leaved cattail, a brackish water species native to the Atlantic coast, is debatable. The plant is thought to have invaded inland slowly with the early canal, railroad, and highway systems. It began a rapid inland expansion in through Central New York in the first half of the 20th Century when the de-icing of highways using salt became more widespread.".  The link is to a preprint of the published article; see p. 46.
  10. ↑ Selbo, Sarena M.; Snow, Allison A. (2004). "The potential for hybridization between Typha angustifolia and Typha latifolia in a constructed wetland". Aquatic Botany 78 (4): 361–369. doi:10.1016/j.aquabot.2004.01.003. http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~asnowlab/SelboSnowAqBot04.pdf. Retrieved 2013-10-21. 
  11. ↑ Elias, Thomas S.; Dykeman, Peter A. (2009). Edible Wild Plants. New York, NY: Sterling Publishing Co., Inc.. pp. 69–70. ISBN 978-1-4027-6715-9. 
  12. ↑ "Typha angustifolia - Small reed mace". http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Typha%20angustifolia. 
  13. ↑ Elias, Thomas S.; Dykeman, Peter A. (2009). Edible Wild Plants: A North American Field Guide to Over 200 Natural Foods. New York: Sterling. pp. 69. ISBN 978-1-4027-6715-9. OCLC 244766414. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/244766414. 

External links

Wikidata ☰ Q146572 entry



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