Biology:Vascular endothelial growth factor B
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Vascular endothelial growth factor B also known as VEGF-B is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the VEGF-B gene.[1] VEGF-B is a growth factor that belongs to the vascular endothelial growth factor family, of which VEGF-A is the best-known member.
Function
In contrast to VEGF-A, VEGF-B plays a less pronounced role in the vascular system: Whereas VEGF-A is important for the formation of blood vessels, such as during development or in pathological conditions, VEGF-B seems to play a role only in the maintenance of newly formed blood vessels during pathological conditions.[2] VEGF-B plays also an important role on several types of neurons. It is important for the protection of neurons in the retina[3] and the cerebral cortex during stroke[4] and of motoneurons during motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.[5]
VEGF-B exerts its effects via the FLT1 receptor.[6]
VEGF-B has also been found to control endothelial uptake and transport of fatty acids in heart and skeletal muscle.[7][8]
Interactions
Vascular endothelial growth factor B has been shown to interact with FLT1.[9][10]
References
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: VEGFB vascular endothelial growth factor B". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7423.
- ↑ "VEGF-B is dispensable for blood vessel growth but critical for their survival, and VEGF-B targeting inhibits pathological angiogenesis". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106 (15): 6152–7. April 2009. doi:10.1073/pnas.0813061106. PMID 19369214.
- ↑ "VEGF-B inhibits apoptosis via VEGFR-1-mediated suppression of the expression of BH3-only protein genes in mice and rats". J. Clin. Invest. 118 (3): 913–23. March 2008. doi:10.1172/JCI33673. PMID 18259607.
- ↑ "Increased severity of cerebral ischemic injury in vascular endothelial growth factor-B-deficient mice". J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 24 (10): 1146–52. October 2004. doi:10.1097/01.wcb.0000134477.38980.38. PMID 15529014.
- ↑ "Novel role for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-1 and its ligand VEGF-B in motor neuron degeneration". J. Neurosci. 28 (42): 10451–9. October 2008. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1092-08.2008. PMID 18923022.
- ↑ "Molecular and functional diversity of vascular endothelial growth factors". Mol. Divers. 10 (4): 515–27. November 2006. doi:10.1007/s11030-006-9027-3. PMID 16972015.
- ↑ Muoio DM (July 2010). "Metabolism and vascular fatty acid transport". N. Engl. J. Med. 363 (3): 291–3. doi:10.1056/NEJMcibr1005397. PMID 20647206.
- ↑ "Targeting VEGF-B as a novel treatment for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes". Nature 490 (7420): 426–30. October 2012. doi:10.1038/nature11464. PMID 23023133.
- ↑ "Vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) binds to VEGF receptor-1 and regulates plasminogen activator activity in endothelial cells". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 (20): 11709–14. September 1998. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.20.11709. PMID 9751730.
- ↑ "Differential binding of vascular endothelial growth factor B splice and proteolytic isoforms to neuropilin-1". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (30): 21217–22. July 1999. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.30.21217. PMID 10409677.
Further reading
- "Novel Role for Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)Receptor-1 and Its Ligand VEGF-B in Motor Neuron Degeneration". J. Neurosci. 28 (42): 10451–9. 2008. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1092-08.2008. PMID 18923022.
- "Vascular endothelial growth factors VEGF-B and VEGF-C.". J. Cell. Physiol. 173 (2): 211–5. 1997. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4652(199711)173:2<211::AID-JCP23>3.0.CO;2-H. PMID 9365524.
- "Vascular endothelial growth factor B, a novel growth factor for endothelial cells.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (6): 2576–81. 1996. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.6.2576. PMID 8637916.
- "Genomic organization of the mouse and human genes for vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) and characterization of a second splice isoform.". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (32): 19310–7. 1996. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.32.19310. PMID 8702615.
- "Cloning and characterization of a novel human gene related to vascular endothelial growth factor.". Genome Res. 6 (2): 124–31. 1996. doi:10.1101/gr.6.2.124. PMID 8919691.
- "Vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) binds to VEGF receptor-1 and regulates plasminogen activator activity in endothelial cells.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 (20): 11709–14. 1998. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.20.11709. PMID 9751730.
- "Differential binding of vascular endothelial growth factor B splice and proteolytic isoforms to neuropilin-1.". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (30): 21217–22. 1999. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.30.21217. PMID 10409677.
- "Extracellular matrix tenascin-X in combination with vascular endothelial growth factor B enhances endothelial cell proliferation.". Genes Cells 5 (11): 913–927. 2001. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2443.2000.00376.x. PMID 11122379.
- "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. 2003. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932. Bibcode: 2002PNAS...9916899M.
- "A novel function for tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP3): inhibition of angiogenesis by blockage of VEGF binding to VEGF receptor-2.". Nat. Med. 9 (4): 407–15. 2003. doi:10.1038/nm846. PMID 12652295.
- "Comparative expression of vascular endothelial growth factor family members, VEGF-B, -C and -D, by normal human keratinocytes and fibroblasts.". Exp. Dermatol. 13 (2): 98–105. 2004. doi:10.1111/j.0906-6705.2004.00137.x. PMID 15009103.
- "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. 2004. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMID 15489334.
- "COX-2-mediated stimulation of the lymphangiogenic factor VEGF-C in human breast cancer.". Br. J. Cancer 94 (8): 1154–63. 2006. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6603067. PMID 16570043.
- "Crystal structure of human vascular endothelial growth factor-B: identification of amino acids important for receptor binding.". J. Mol. Biol. 359 (1): 76–85. 2006. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2006.03.002. PMID 16616187.
- "Iodide inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor-A expression in cultured human thyroid follicles: a microarray search for effects of thyrotropin and iodide on angiogenesis factors.". Thyroid 16 (6): 545–54. 2007. doi:10.1089/thy.2006.16.545. PMID 16839256.
- "Expression and functions of the vascular endothelial growth factors and their receptors in human basophils.". J. Immunol. 177 (10): 7322–31. 2007. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.177.10.7322. PMID 17082651.
External links
- PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human Vascular endothelial growth factor B