Biology:Xanthoparmelia semiviridis
| Resurrection lichen | |
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| Comparison of dry and wet form | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Lecanorales |
| Family: | Parmeliaceae |
| Genus: | Xanthoparmelia |
| Species: | X. semiviridis
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| Binomial name | |
| Xanthoparmelia semiviridis (F.Muell. ex Nyl.) O.Blanco, Ana Crespo, Elix, D.Hawksw. & Lumbsch)
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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Xanthoparmelia semiviridis, also known as resurrection lichen is a foliose lichen species in the family Parmeliaceae. Its common name comes from the reaction of a dry sample to moisture. In its dry state it appears like curled-up dry leaf litter on the ground, but after rainfall the lichen will quickly recover, unfurl and become darker in colour. It is found in semi-arid areas across southern Australia and the South Island of New Zealand. The species is in decline in New Zealand because of the loss of habitat resulting from the establishment of dairy farms and vineyards in former indigenous habitat, and the deterioration of existing habitat caused by invasive species such as hawkweeds.
Taxonomy
It was first formally described as a new species in 1863 by Ferdinand von Mueller[3] and given the name Parmeliopsis semiviridis, based on a specimen collected by Robert Brown from Table Mountain, Australia.[4] It was moved in 1879 to the genus Chondropsis by James Crombie,[5] before being placed in Xanthoparmelia in a 2004 revision of the genus based on DNA.[4] Its specific epithet, "semiviridis", is from the Latin semi (half or partially) and viridis (green).[2]
Description
X. semiviridis is a rare exception amongst Xanthoparmelia species in that it grows unattached to any substrate.[6] The thalli have no rhizines to anchor its lower surface. In dry conditions, it rolls up into a ball that can be up to 30 millimetres (1.2 in) in diameter, and can be blown about in the wind. When it becomes wet, the ball unrolls and changes to a foliose form with dichotomous branches, and becomes darker in colour.[2][7] Although it rarely fruits, specimens with mature and immature fruits are occasionally seen.[8]
Distribution
X. semiviridis is found in regions across the south of Australia from Western Australia to New South Wales, in semi-arid areas where there is some winter rainfall.[9][10] It is also found in the South Island of New Zealand, in the Molesworth area (Marlborough region), the Balmoral and Mackenzie Country area of Canterbury, and also in Central Otago.[2]
Conservation status
X. semiviridis is classified as "At Risk - Declining" by the New Zealand Department of Conservation.[1] The species is in decline in New Zealand because of the loss of habitat resulting from the establishment of dairy farms and vineyards in former indigenous habitat, and the deterioration of existing habitat caused by invasive species such as hawkweeds (Pilosella spp.).[11]
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 , Wikidata Q59467378
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Hutchinson, Melissa (30 June 2020). "Xanthoparmelia semiviridis". https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/xanthoparmelia-semiviridis/. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
- ↑ Mueller, F. in Nylander, W. (1863). "Parmelia semiviridis". Synopsis Methodica Lichenum 2: 57. https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/12891/?offset=#page=57. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 , Wikidata Q28959911
- ↑ Crombie, J.M. (1879). "Enumeration of Australian Lichens in herb. Robert Brown (Brit. Mus.) with descriptions of new species". Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 17 (102): 390–552 [398]. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1879.tb00447.x. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/229656. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
- ↑ "Xanthoparmelia" (in en). Australian National Botanic Gardens. https://www.anbg.gov.au/lichen/xanthoparmelia.html.
- ↑ "Form and structure - lichens" (in en). https://www.anbg.gov.au/lichen/form-structure.html.
- ↑ Martin, William; Child, John (1972). New Zealand Lichens. Wellington: A. H. & A. W. Reed. pp. 96. ISBN 0589006320.
- ↑ McCarthy, Patrick M (2020). "Checklist of the Lichens of Australia and its Island Territories - Xanthoparmelia semiviridis". Canberra: Australian Biological Resources Study. https://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/lichenlist/PARMELIACEAE/Xanthop_semiv.html.
- ↑ , Wikidata Q54488162
- ↑ , Wikidata Q54666952
Further reading
External links
- Resurrection lichen discussed on RNZ Critter of the Week on 17 June 2022
- Xanthoparmelia semiviridis occurrence data & images at GBIF
- Xanthoparmelia semiviridis at the New Zealand Plant Conservation Network
- Xanthoparmelia semiviridis at the Australian Biological Resources Study
- Vagrant lichens at the Australian National Botanic Gardens
- Wandering lichen at malleeconservation.com.au
Wikidata ☰ Q10721635 entry
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